刍议中药升降浮沉的概念和影响因素  

Concept and Influencing Factors of Ascending and Descending of Traditional Chinese Medicine

作　　者：王小兵 赵桂芝[1] 李春巧[1] WANG Xiaobing;ZHAO Guizhi;LI Chunqiao(Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Yantai 264199,China)

机构地区：[1]山东中医药高等专科学校,山东烟台264199

出　　处：《基层中医药》2024年第5期60-64,共5页Basic Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：山东省中医药重点学科临床中药学[鲁卫中医药科数字(2022)4号]。

摘　　要：文章认为现行的《中药学》教材中,药物升降浮沉部分的某些内容有待商榷。一是中药升降浮沉概念的界定方面。不宜太绝对地说凡能治疗病势向上、向外,病位在下、在内的药物,就是沉降药;凡能治疗病势向下、向内,病位在上、在外的药物,就是升浮药。二是教材对中药升降浮沉影响因素的概括不够全面,或言之不全,或未言及。内因方面,应该补充上淡味和涩味的升降浮沉属性,以及药用部位、药物形态、药物性情对药物升降浮沉的影响;外因方面,应该补充上药物的用量和采收时间对中药升降浮沉的影响。中药的升降浮沉与药物的功效和临床疗效密切相关,值得同道不断探讨和深入研究。然而中药升降浮沉特性的判定,历来比较抽象。最好能跨界联合药理研究法、超分子“印迹模板”理论、同位素示踪技术、放射性自显影技术、微量元素分析法、受体学说和环核苷酸检测法等方法和技术进行实验研究,以期用确切的数据更具象、更科学地说明中药的升降浮沉之性。The article argues that certain aspects of the current Pharmacognosy textbooks regarding the ascending and descending properties of traditional Chinese medicines need to be re-evaluated.Firstly,the definition of the concept of ascending and descending properties should not be too absolute.It is not appropriate to categorically state that any medicine that treats conditions with upward or outward symptoms or conditions located below or internally possesses descending property,and vice versa for those with ascending property.Secondly,the coverage of the factors influencing the ascending and descending properties of traditional Chinese medicines in the textbooks is not comprehensive enough,lacking or inadequately discussing both internal and external factors.Internally,it should be supplemented with the ascending and descending properties of drugs with bland and astringent tastes,as well as the influence of medicinal parts,forms,and properties on the ascending and descending properties.Externally,factors such as dosage and harvesting time should be included.The ascending and descending properties of traditional Chinese medicines are closely related to their efficacy and clinical effects,worthy of continuous exploration and in-depth research.However,determining the characteristics of ascending and descending properties in traditional Chinese medicine has always been somewhat abstract.It would be preferable to conduct experimental research using interdisciplinary approaches such as pharmacological research methods,supramolecular"imprint template"theory,isotope tracing techniques,radioactive self-imaging techniques,trace element analysis methods,receptor theory,and nucleic acid detection methods to provide more concrete and scientific explanations of the ascending and descending properties of traditional Chinese medicines with precise data.

关 键 词：中药 升降浮沉 概念 影响因素 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]