地理坐标对分层抽样改进效果的研究  

Effect of Geographic Coordinates on the Improvement of Stratified Sampling Design

作　　者：李毅 王童欣 米子川[2] Li Yi;Wang Tongxin;Mi Zichuan

机构地区：[1]山西财经大学信息学院 [2]山西财经大学统计学院

出　　处：《统计研究》2024年第5期150-160,共11页Statistical Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“空间网络抽样设计与统计推断及其应用研究”(20YJA910004);国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国流动人口调查新方法研究”(17BTJ010);全国统计科学研究计划项目“隐私悖论视角下多源人口数据整合的共享机制研究”(2022LZ14);山西省留学人员科技活动择优资助重点项目“网络调查抽样的统计推断及实证研究”(20220025)。

摘　　要：在调查中相互独立的总体单元并不是普遍存在的,空间效应会导致总体单元在空间上覆盖不均匀。当考虑总体空间异质性时,简单分层抽样设计无法捕获总体可能存在的空间自相关,一般解决方法是采用以空间区域作为定性辅助信息的空间分层抽样,但存在调查实践性与空间精细度的两难选择。因此,本文将地理坐标引入到分层抽样设计中,围绕空间效应和样本代表性研究地理坐标对空间异质性总体的抽样效果,进而探索在不同空间特征总体下地理坐标参与的空间分层抽样统计推断作用。通过模拟研究和实证分析发现,地理坐标参与的空间分层抽样能够在合理误差范围内有效提高估计效率,对表现出强空间异质性的总体估计效率提升效果较弱;在具有明显空间趋势的总体中,地理坐标参与的空间分层抽样效果优于简单分层抽样,并且这种优势在大样本量下更为明显。本文提出了地理坐标参与的空间分层抽样设计方案,即当总体存在较弱的空间异质性时,应使用地理坐标参与的空间分层抽样设计。In the survey,population units that are independent of each other are not universal,and spatial effects can lead to uneven coverage of population units.When considering the overall spatial heterogeneity,the simple stratified sampling design cannot capture the possible spatial homogeneity of the population,and the general solution is to use spatial stratified sampling with spatial regions as qualitative auxiliary information,but there is a dilemma between survey practice and spatial fineness.Therefore,this paper tries to introduce geographic coordinates into the stratified sampling design,and studies the sampling effect of geographic coordinates on the population with spatial heterogeneity in terms of the spatial effect and sample representativeness,and then explores the statistical inference effect of spatial stratified sampling with the participation of geographic coordinates under different spatial characteristics.Through simulation research and empirical analysis,it is found that the spatial stratified sampling with the participation of geographic coordinates can effectively improve the estimation efficiency within a reasonable error range,but weakly improves the estimation efficiency with strong spatial heterogeneity.In the population with obvious spatial trends,the spatial stratified sampling with geographic coordinates is better than simple stratified sampling,and this advantage is more obvious under large sample sizes.In this paper,a spatial stratified sampling design scheme with the participation of geographic coordinates is proposed,when there is weak spatial heterogeneity in the population.

关 键 词：空间效应 地理坐标 分层抽样 样本代表性 

分 类 号：C811[社会学—统计学]