儿童保育与革命事业:互助变工托儿所的历史实践(1943-1949)  

Childcare and Revolutionary Causes: the HistoricalPractice of Mutual-aid Labour Changing Nurseries (1943-1949)

作　　者：孙霞 SUN Xia(Department of History and Culture,Lüliang University,Lishi Shanxi 033000)

机构地区：[1]吕梁学院历史文化系,山西离石033000

出　　处：《长治学院学报》2024年第2期17-22,共6页Journal of Changzhi University

基　　金：2023年山西省高等学校教学改革创新项目“晋绥抗战图像史料在历史教学中的运用与探索”(J20231397);2021年山西省高等学校教学改革创新项目“晋绥红色文化资源在中国近现代史教学中的运用研究”(J2021722)。

摘　　要：革命战争年代,为了解决照料子女的私人家庭劳动和进行生产工作的公共社会劳动之间的矛盾,女干部和家属们依托供给制,在政府帮助下创办了互助变工托儿所。基于集体互助和情感信任组建托儿所的集体保育既是家庭劳动也是社会工作,将照料子女的事情由家庭私领域扩展到公共领域,由国家、集体和家庭共同来承担。互助变工托儿所呈现出家国一体、公私协力、互助变工的特点。中国共产党将儿童托育塑造为具有政治属性的革命事业,实现了革命愿景中的儿童公育,并辅助其走向社会主义道路,收两利之便。小型互助托儿所的创办为新中国成立后更深层次动员妇女参加社会劳动提供了借鉴。During the era of war and revolution,in order to solve the contradiction between the private family work of caring for children and the public social work of production,female cadres and their families relied on the supply system and set up mutual-aid labour changing nurseries with the help of government.Based on collective mutual assistance and emotional trust,the collective care of children is both family work and social work.Mutual-aid labour changing nurseries are characterized by the unity of the family and the state,public-private collaboration,mutual aid and changing labor.The CPC shaped childcare as a revolutionary cause with political attributes,realizing the CPC’s revolutionary vision of public childcare and assisting it in its path to socialism,thus reaping the benefits of both.The creation of small mutual-aid labour changing nurseries provided a model for the deeper mobilization of women into social work after the founding of the PRC.

关 键 词：互助变工托儿所 女干部 集体保育 革命事业 

分 类 号：K269.5[历史地理—历史学]