水生生物监测质量保证、质量控制与标准化:动态与展望  

Standardized quality assurance and control in aquatic biological monitoring:Dynamics and outlook in China

作　　者：熊莉 赵先富[2] 贾世琪 阴琨[3] 许人骥[3] 王备新[4] 王业耀[3] 金小伟[3] Xiong Li;Zhao Xianfu;Jia Shiqi;Yin Kun;Xu Renji;Wang Beixin;Wang Yeyao;Jin Xiaowei(Yibin Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Sichuan Province,Yibin 644000,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources,Institute of Hydroecology,Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430079,P.R.China;China National Environmental Monitoring Centre,Beijing 100012,P.R.China;Laboratory of Aquatic Insects and Stream Ecology,Department of Entomology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]四川省宜宾生态环境监测中心站,宜宾644000 [2]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,武汉430079 [3]中国环境监测总站,北京100012 [4]南京农业大学昆虫系,南京210095

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2024年第4期975-986,共12页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200105);黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究项目(2022-YRUC-01-0101);长江生态环境保护修复联合研究(第二期)项目(2022-LHYJ-02-0101)联合资助。

摘　　要：水生生物监测是流域水生态状况评价的重要基础,监测数据的准确性和可靠性直接影响水生态环境质量评价与流域水生态管理成效。目前我国水生生物监测质量保证和质量控制体系尚处于持续完善的阶段,关键环节的控制要求和质控目标等亟待明确和细化。本文总结了欧美发达国家水生生物监测质量保证与质量控制体系建设中的经验,通过梳理我国水生生物监测工作基础与进展,较为系统地提出了适合我国现状的水生生物监测质量保证与质量控制体系标准化建设对策建议,包括实验室内部和外部质量保证与质量控制、水生生物监测质控数据库、人工智能识别和环境DNA新技术质控要点等标准化建议,为实现水生生物监测业务化运行,准确评估我国流域水生态质量状况的变化提供技术支撑。Aquatic biological monitoring constitutes a pivotal foundation for the assessment of watershed ecological conditions,where the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data directly influence the outcomes of water ecological environmental quality assessments and the effectiveness of watershed water ecological management.Presently,in China,the research on quality assurance and quality control in aquatic biological monitoring is undergoing continuous improvement phases,necessitating a clarification and elaboration of the quality control requirements and quality control objectives of key links.This research summarized experiences from the construction of quality assurance and control systems in developed countries/regions,particularly in European Union and the United States.By reviewing China s foundational work and existing advancements in aquatic biological monitoring,we systematically proposed standardized construction strategies and recommendations suitable for China s current conditions.These suggestions included internal and external quality assurance and control in laboratories,the establishment of a comprehensive aquatic biological monitoring quality control database,new technology quality control proposals of artificial intelligence recognition and environmental DNA technologies,and so on.These efforts aim to provide the necessary technical support for the operationalization of aquatic biological monitoring services and the accurate assessment of changes in China s watershed ecological quality.

关 键 词：水生态 水生生物监测 标准化 质量控制 质量保证 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学] X835[生物学—普通生物学]