欧盟对华科技与经贸政策的特点分析与应对建议  

New Trends in E.U.’s Science,Technology,and Economic and Trade Policies Towards China:Analysis of Characteristics and Suggestions for Response

作　　者：刘如 邬亭玉 LIU Ru;WU Tingyu(Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development,Beijing 100038;Hunan Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Changsha 410001)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术发展战略研究院,北京100038 [2]湖南省科学技术信息研究所,长沙410001

出　　处：《全球科技经济瞭望》2024年第4期52-58,共7页Global Science，Technology and Economy Outlook

摘　　要：中国崛起、中美博弈、新冠疫情和乌克兰危机等重大事件加速了欧盟对中国的防范进程,欧盟对华政策的保护主义正逐渐抬头。近年来,欧盟密集出台《芯片法案》《关键原材料法案》《外国补贴法案》等多个政策,不断强调对华“去风险”。欧盟对华政策已经成为影响世界新格局的重要因素。通过全面梳理欧盟对华科技与经贸政策取向,分析其战略布局和政策工具的特点,得出结论,对华科技与经贸政策具有“三分定位、三角网络、三重壁垒”等特征,从而限制中国企业活动,影响中国技术发展。对此,中国应深化中欧科技合作,优化投资环境,规范企业投资行为,并加快形成开放创新生态,以缓解压力并推动双方互利共赢。The rise of China,the Sino-U.S.rivalry,the COVID-19 pandemic,and the Ukraine crisis have accelerated the E.U.’s process of prevention against China,and the protectionism in the E.U.’s policy towards China is gradually emerging.In recent years,the E.U.has intensively issued policies such as Chip Act,Critical Raw Materials Act,and Foreign Subsidies Act,continuously emphasizing“de-risking”towards China.The E.U.’s policy towards China has become an important factor influencing the new world order.By comprehensively reviewing the E.U.’s technological and economic policy orientations towards China and analyzing the characteristics of its strategic layout and policy tools,it is believed that the E.U.’s technological and economic policies towards China are characterized by“three-part positioning,triangular network,and triple barriers”,which limit the activities of Chinese enterprises and affect China’s technological development.To address this,China should deepen scientific and technological cooperation with the E.U.,optimize the investment environment,regulate corporate investment behavior,and accelerate the formation of an open and innovative ecosystem to ease pressure and promote mutual benefit and win-win results for both sides.

关 键 词：欧盟政策 中欧美关系 对华政策工具 

分 类 号：F115[经济管理—国际贸易] F733[经济管理—世界经济] F73[文化科学] G323