山西中部一次积层混合云降水微物理特征  

Microphysical Characteristics of Mixed Convective Stratiform Cloud Precipitation in Central Shanxi

作　　者：杨俊梅 孙鸿娉 田晓婷 王洪霞[5] YANG Junmei;SUN Hongpin;TIAN Xiaoting;WANG Hongxia(Shanxi Weather Modification Center,Taiyuan 030032,China;Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics of China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Shanxi Key Laboratory of Weather Modification,Taiyuan 030032,China;Taiyuan Meteorological Bureau,Taiyuan 030082,China;Shanxi Meteorological Observatory,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省人工影响天气中心,山西太原030032 [2]中国气象局云雾物理环境重点开发实验室,北京100081 [3]人工影响天气山西省重点实验室,山西太原030032 [4]太原市气象局,山西太原030082 [5]山西省气象台,山西太原030006

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2024年第3期24-31,共8页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(202202130501020);中国气象局云雾物理环境重点开放实验室开放课题(2020Z00713);国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1510301);山西省气象局重点课题(SXKZDDW20195606)。

摘　　要：基于2011年5月9日山西中部一次积层混合云降水的飞机探测和地面雨滴谱观测资料,分析空中云系微物理参量的垂直分布、冰晶形态及演变和地面降水的微物理特征。结果表明:积层混合云为冷云结构,垂直分布不均匀,云中过冷水较为丰沛,对流泡的存在造成云内不同区域云水含量不均匀。云滴的凝华增长导致5.3 km处大云粒子和降水粒子数浓度明显增加。小云粒子谱分布以单峰型为主,峰值直径主要在5~6μm或9~10μm,大云粒子谱分布呈多峰型,不同高度处变化较大。观测到的冰晶形态包括板状、针柱状、柱帽状、辐枝状和不规则形状,4.9 km处受聚合和淞附过程的共同影响,辐枝状和针柱状冰晶增多,在4.1 km处融化层附近淞附状冰晶明显增加。地面降水受到雨滴谱仪布设位置的影响,其微物理结构主要呈现层状云降水的特征。This study analyzed the vertical distribution of cloud microphysical structure,ice crystal morphology,and precipitation characteristics using airborne detection and surface raindrop spectrum observation data of a convective-stratiform mixed cloud precipitation event in central Shanxi province on May 9th,2011.The findings indicate the mixed convective stratiform cloud is an inhomogeneous vertical distribution of the cold cloud,characterized by abundant supercooled water.Additionally,the presence of convective bubbles leads to variations in the liquid water content across different positions in the cloud.The deposition process at 5300 m results in a noteworthy increase in the number concentration of both cloud particles and precipitation particles.The size distribution of small cloud particles exhibits a single peak,with peak diameters ranging from 5 to 6μm or 9 to 10μm,whereas the size distribution of larger cloud particles is characterized by multiple peaks.The observed ice crystal morphology during this process includes plate-shaped,needle column-shaped,column cap-shaped,spoke-shaped,and irregular-shaped crystals.Aggregation and riming at 4900 m lead to the enhancement of spoke and needle column ice crystals,while riming ice crystals experience a significant increase near the melting layer at 4.1 km.The microphysical structure of the precipitation is predominantly stratiform due to the placement of the raindrop spectrometer.

关 键 词：积层混合云 微物理特征 垂直结构 粒子形态 

分 类 号：P481[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P426.5