低水头拦河坝(堰)生态性设计研究  

Study on Ecological Design of Low-Head Dams(Weirs)

作　　者：郑微微 陈伟 苏东喜 ZHENG Weiwei;CHEN Wei;SU Dongxi(Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.Ltd.(Key Laboratory of Water Management and Water Security for Yellow River Basin,Ministry of Water Resources),Zhengzhou,450003;Shandong Binzhou Yellow River Administration Bureau,Binzhou,256601)

机构地区：[1]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司(水利部黄河流域水治理与水安全重点实验室),河南郑州450003 [2]山东滨州黄河河务局,山东滨州256601

出　　处：《水利水电工程设计》2024年第2期10-13,22,共5页Design of Water Resources & Hydroelectric Engineering

摘　　要：在中小河流治理工程中,低水头拦河坝(堰)普遍存在强拦、社会功能为主、生态性不足的问题,引发河流演变新的矛盾。结合透水坝、柔性沙棘坝运行生态效果,提出生态设计弱作用理念,建立了河流与坝(堰)工程社会功能和生态功能协调的非线性多目标函数。依此理念和方法,研究改变传统坝(堰)结构,由实体型设计为开放型,有半拦河式、开孔式、梳齿式、网桩坝等多种布置型式。尤其是黄土高原小型淤地坝的新结构型式,能较好地维持沟壑环境,破解阶梯场地筑坝约束。弱作用及相关结构对其他水工建筑物的生态设计有借鉴价值。In the training works of small and medium-sized rivers,low-head dams(weirs)generally have the problems of excessive damming,prioritizing social functions over ecological functions,and insufficient ecological considerations,which leads to new contradictions in river evolution.Combined with the ecological effects of permeable dams and flexible sand-retaining dams,the ecological design concept of weak action is put forward.A nonlinear multi-objective function is established to coordinate the social function and ecological functions of river and dam(weir)project.According to this concept and method,the traditional dam(weir)structure is modified from solid design to open design,with various types such as semi-damming,perforated,comb-tooth,and net-pile dam.Particularly,the new structure type of small check dam in the Loess Plateau can better maintain the gully environment and overcome the constraints of dam construction in stepped terrains.The weak action and related structures have reference value for ecological design of other hydraulic structures.

关 键 词：低水头坝(堰) 生态性 弱作用 协调性函数 淤地坝 

分 类 号：TV222[水利工程—水工结构工程]