面向复杂地质目标的地震采集观测系统优化方法及应用  

Optimization and application of seismic acquisition geometry for complex geological targets

作　　者：杨晶 YANG Jing(SINOPEC Geophysical Company Science and Technology R&D Center,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211112,China)

机构地区：[1]中石化石油工程地球物理有限公司科技研发中心,江苏南京211112

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2024年第3期404-414,共11页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：中国石油化工集团有限公司重大科技攻关项目“全节点高效采集数据现场质控系统研发”(JP22142)资助。

摘　　要：采集观测系统优化设计是提高地震资料质量和降低采集成本的一个重要手段。提高复杂地质目标陡坡带阴影区的反射能量是目前观测系统优化设计的一个难点。为此,提出了一种面向复杂地质目标的地震采集观测系统优化方法。首先,在三维模型上利用菲涅耳带半径,对高斯束照明能量重新优化,提高正演模拟的精度,提取各目的层面元接收能量和逆向照明能量。其次,根据不同地质目标和地表障碍物情况采用三种方法对观测系统进行优化:(1)基于目的层面元接收能量均匀性的炮点自动加密;(2)基于目的层逆向照明能量的炮点加密范围优化;(3)基于地表障碍物范围和目的层能量均匀性双重约束的炮点优化。将该方法用于胜利探区BS和G94北两个区块,有效提升了地震资料成像精度。The optimization design of geometry is an important means to improve the quality of seismic data and reduce the acquisition cost.Improving the reflected energy in the shadow area of the steep slope of complex geo-logical targets is a difficulty in geometry design.Therefore,an optimization method of seismic acquisition geo-metry for complex geological targets was proposed.Firstly,the Fresnel zone radius was used on the three-dimen-sional(3D)model to re-optimize the Gaus-sian beam illumination energy,improve the accuracy of forward mode-ling,and extract the surface element reception energy and reverse illumination energy of each target layer.Se-condly,three methods were used to optimize the geometry according to different geological targets and surface ob-stacles:①Automatic shot densif-ying based on the uniformity of surface element reception energy of the target layer.②Shot densifying range optimization based on the reverse illumination energy of the target layer.③Shot optimization based on the dual constraints of surface obstacle range and energy uniformity of the target layer.This method has been applied in the northern blocks BS and G94 of the Shengli exploration area,effectively improving the imaging accuracy of seismic data.

关 键 词：复杂地质目标 观测系统优化 三维模型 高斯射线束 正演模拟 照明分析 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]