地方“两院”司法解释性质文件的存废困境及其化解  

The Dilemma of the Existence or Abolishment of the Judicial Interpretation Documents of the Local Courts and Procuratorates and its Resolution

作　　者：秦前红[1] 王杰[2] QIN Qianhong;WANG Jie(Law School,Wuhan University;Administrative Prosecution Research Centre,Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院 [2]武汉大学行政检察研究中心

出　　处：《人权法学》2024年第3期1-20,152,153,共22页Journal of Human Rights Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“新时代党和国家监督体系完善研究”(22ZDA040)。

摘　　要：地方“两院”司法解释性质文件在法律层面和最高司法权层面尚未获得正当性。与规范层面上的禁止性规定不同,出于司法适用需要,此类文件在实践中仍然禁而不止。地方“两院”司法解释性质文件禁而不止的根源在于混淆了作为方法的司法解释和作为权力的司法解释。基于司法权的内在需要,地方“两院”制定此类文件具有一定的合理性和正当性。实践中,地方“两院”出于司法适用、回应政策需求以及适应地方具体情况等目的而制定解释性质文件,部分规则有解释之名却隐含了立法之实。为缓解地方“两院”法律解释需要和规则效力外溢之间的张力,应当从制定主体、功能界限以及裁判定位三个方面对其进行限制。地方司法解释性质文件规范化后,宜将其纳入地方人大和司法系统中进行相应的双重审查规制。Filing review is a constitutional supervising system with Chinese characteristics.The Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on Improving and Strengthening the Filing Review System,adopted at the end of 2023,clearly states that it is necessary to“implement the requirement of having a document to be filed,the requirement of having a document to be examined,and the requirement of having an error corrected.”One of the requirements from the Central Authorities is that all administrative,supervisory,and judicial normative documents should gradually be included in the scope of the filing and review system to achieve full coverage of the documents.At present,whether certain normative documents need to be included in the scope of the filing review is still in doubt both from theoretical and practical perspectives,such as the judicial interpretation documents of the local courts and procuratorates.These judicial interpretation documents have yet to gain legitimacy at the legal level or the level of the highest judicial authority.In practice,the local courts and procuratorates often use“answers”“minutes”“guidelines”and other forms to change the name of the documents in order to seek a chance for local judicial interpretation.The central government prohibits the local courts and procuratorates from making interpretations,because it holds that the power of judicial interpretation should be centralized and uniformed.Thus,the subject of judicial interpretation is limited to the highest judicial organs,the form of judicial interpretation into an abstract interpretation,and the effectiveness of judicial interpretation into an absolute legal mandatory effect.Although the state,based on the unity of the rule of law,prohibits the local courts and procuratorates from formulating judicial interpretation,in practice,the local courts and procuratorates continue to issue judicial interpretation documents.The root cause is the confusion between judicial interpretation as a method and judici

关 键 词：司法规范性文件 备案审查 裁判依据 裁判理由 

分 类 号：D916[政治法律—法学]