武汉市中小学生身心健康现况及其影响因素分析  

Prevalence and Factors Influencing Physical and Mental Health Status among Primary and Secondary School Students in Wuhan

作　　者：王洁 汤佳 陈双 张彪 张苑苑 刘剀[3] 张晓敏[1] WANG Jie;TANG Jia;CHEN Shuang;ZHANG Biao;ZHANG Yuanyuan;LIU Kai;ZHANG Xiaomin(Department of Occupational and Environmental Health,School of Public Health,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,430030,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,湖北武汉430030 [2]武汉市教育科学研究院,湖北武汉430024 [3]华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《中国社会医学杂志》2024年第3期286-291,共6页Chinese Journal of Social Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52078226);武汉市城乡建设局科技计划项目(202015)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨武汉市中小学生身心健康现况及其影响因素。方法 于2020年9-11月对武汉市4~12年级63 159名学生进行问卷调查,并获取体质健康检查数据。采用Logistic回归模型分析身心健康的主要影响因素。结果 总人群中自报视力下降率为60.0%,体检视力不良率为53.0%。随学段增加,重度视力不良率(视力≤4.5)明显上升,小学为17.8%、初高中则分别激增至45.1%和51.4%。超重/肥胖率达28.0%,小学最高(30.9%)。情绪不良率为23.5%,随学段的增加而上升,初高中分别为31.4%和35.8%(均Ptrend<0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示,观看电子屏幕≥1 h/d、桌椅高度不合适、健康教育改善认知不好与视力下降呈正向关联;每周喝含糖饮料1~4次、睡眠<7 h/d与超重/肥胖率增高有关;父母关系变差、受欺凌、睡眠<7 h/d与情绪不良率上升有关(均P<0.05)。结论 武汉市中小学生视力下降、超重/肥胖和情绪不良问题突出,需家庭、学校和政府联合干预。Objective To investigate the prevalence and factors influencing physical and mental health status among Wuhan primary and secondary school students.Methods From September to November 2020,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 63159 students in grades 4-12 and physical health examination data was collec-ted.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the main influencing factors of physical and mental health.Results 60.0%of the students suffered from self-reported visual loss,and the prevalence of poor vision was 53.0%.With the increase in grades,the rate of severe poor vision(visual acuity≤4.5)increased significantly,which was 17.8%,45.1%and 51.4%in primary school,junior high school and senior high school respectively.The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 28.0%,with the highest in primary school(30.9%).The prevalence of dysthymia was 23.5%and showed an upward trend with the increase in grades,which was 31.4%and 35.8%in junior and senior high school students,respectively(P trend<0.001).Logistic regression analysis suggested that screen time≥1 hour/day,inappropriate desks and chairs,and poor cognition of health education curriculum improvement were positively correlated with vision loss;drinking sugar-sweetened beverages 1-4 times a week and sleeping time<7 h/d were related to increased overweight/obesity rates;deteriorates of parental relationship,bullying,and sleep time<7 h/d were associated with an increase in dysthymia(P<0.05).Conclusion The problems of visual loss,overweight/obesity,and dysthymia among primary and secondary school students are prominent,which requires joint intervention from family,school and government.

关 键 词：中小学生 视力下降 超重/肥胖 情绪不良 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]