民法典体系下数据保护的权利配置研究  

The Right Allocation in Data Protection Under Civil Code

作　　者：梁九业 LIANG Jiuye(School of Politics and Law,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学政法学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《大连理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期97-106,共10页Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：司法部法治建设与法学理论研究青年项目“人工智能生成内容治理规则的体系化研究”(20SFB3016);吉林省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目“区块链技术下知识产权全链条保护模式创新研究”(JJKH20221128SK)。

摘　　要：对数据保护的宣示性规则,是《民法典》面对数字社会之时代发展趋势的有效回应,也是在民法典体系下对数据保护权利化路径实践的逻辑基础和基本遵循。因循民事权利体系的发展路径和构造原理,克服原有法律框架下对数据提供单一线性结构的权利保护之逻辑障碍,可按照“领域理论”将作为民事权利客体的数据区分为私密领域数据、私人领域数据和社会领域数据,并针对私人领域数据和社会领域数据依据权利客体理论配置以个人信息权、知识产权和数据权,凸显数据之上所形成的利益格局,进而实现对数据的保护从线性结构向立体模型的体系化转换。依据民事权利客体理论的基本原理,以私人领域数据为客体的个人信息权因带有人身识别性而属于人格权保护模式,而以社会领域数据为客体的知识产权以及基于匿名化处理而脱离人身识别性的数据权而属于无形财产权保护模式,并基于其客体的无形性而选择“具体且有限行为规制”的权利构造路径。The declarative rules for data protection are the effective response of the Civil Code to the development trend of the digital society,and the logical foundation and the basic guideline for implementing data protection under the Civil Code system.Following the development path and construction principles of civil rights system,we can overcome the logical obstacle of providing a single linear structure of rights protection for data under the original legal framework,and classify data as the object of civil rights into the private data,private sphere data and social data according to the“domain theory”,and allocate personal information rights,intellectual property rights and data rights to private data and social data according to the right object theory,so as to focus on the pattern of interests over the data,and then transform data protection systematically from a linear structure to a three-dimensional model.According to the basic principles of civil rights object theory,the personal information right,is the object of data in the private domain,fits into the personal rights protection model because of its personal identification,while the intellectual property right,which is the object of data in the social domain,and the data right,is free from personal identification based on anonymization,fits into the intangible property rights protection model.The right construction path of“specific and limited behavior regulation”might be based on the intangible nature of the object.

关 键 词：民法典 数据权 权利客体 个人信息权 知识产权 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]