大科学装置的建设运行、效应影响及经验启示:综述与评估  

The Construction and Operation,Effects and Implications of Large-Scale Research Infrastructures:Review and Evaluation

作　　者：周燕[1,2] 杜鹏辉 Zhou Yan;Du Penghui(Center for Chinese Public Administration Research,Sun Yat-sen University;School of Government,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国公共管理研究中心 [2]中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2024年第12期151-160,共10页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

基　　金：教育部高校人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(22JJD630024);广东省教育厅项目(99123-42900002);中山大学中国公共管理研究中心“十四五”基地自设项目(20230313)。

摘　　要：大科学装置具备重大科学意义、国家意义和社会意义,学界对大科学装置的关注与日俱增。基于科学引文索引数据库(WOS)和中国知网数据库(CNKI),对从社会科学角度研究重大科技基础设施的国内外文献进行搜集、筛选和编码,并展开系统分析和内容分析,对国内外重大科技基础设施研究进行系统全面梳理,把握整体研究脉络的同时,挖掘其研究特点。已有研究达成若干共识:大科学装置通过适应环境变化实现长期生存,对大科学装置的评估需要采用多维度、多手段的框架体系,大科学装置具有显著的科学效应和经济社会影响,但资源开放共享仍有不足。进一步对研究特征、演进逻辑和理论联系进行探讨发现,政府、高校与企业等主体间关系,对我国重大科技基础设施效率水平评估以及如何选择重大科技基础设施建设模式与运营模式从而提升效率具有重要作用,是未来研究的重中之重。其中,政府角色及边界是大科学装置研究中最核心的问题,管理模式与治理结构、产出评价和资源共享乃至各种影响效应在很大程度上均由其决定。Large-scale research infrastructures(LSRIs)is of great scientific,national,and social significance.With the changes in the international situation,the function orientation of LSRIs is also undergoing transition and differentiation,shifting from a single scientific goal to serving multiple disciplines(including materials science,life science,information science)and the promotion of economic growth.How to better achieve scientific goals and maximize efficiency for LSRIs with high capital investment and long construction cycles has become a topic of concern in the academic field.The overall research presents the following three characteristics:firstly,the majority of domestic research on the current situation,problems,and suggested strategies lack clear research questions and theories;secondly,from the perspective of research methods,most existing research focuses on case studies and comparative studies,and commonly used methods in social science research,such as questionnaires,interviews,case studies and participatory observation,and statistical regressions are rare.Thirdly,from the perspective of the number of publications and institutions,academic interaction and cooperation between research institutions are relatively scarce.Yet there has not been a systematic literature review synthesizing and comparing relevant domestic and international research to answer what research themes and viewpoints have been formed at present,what the characteristics and evolutionary logic of current research are,what the essential issues of research and the controversies and research gaps are.

关 键 词：大科学装置 文献综述 装置运行管理 装置科学效应 装置经济社会影响 

分 类 号：G31[文化科学]