配方施肥对紫薇花序着花数和花期的影响  

Effect of formula fertilization on the number of flowers on inflorescences and the flowering period of Lagerstroemia indica

作　　者：王湘莹[1] 黄兰清 王晓明[1] 曾慧杰[1] 乔中全[1] 陈艺[1] 吴丽君[3] 唐丽[3] WANG Xiangying;HUANG Lanqing;WANG Xiaoming;ZENG Huije;QIAO Zhongquan;CHEN Yi;WU Lijun;TANG Li(Hunan Academy of F orestry,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Guangxi National Qinlian Forest Farm,Qinzhou 535000,Guangxi,China;Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]广西壮族自治区国有钦廉林场,广西钦州535000 [3]中南林业科技大学,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《湖南林业科技》2024年第3期72-77,92,共7页Hunan Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000500)。

摘　　要：为探究紫薇花序着花数和花期对氮、磷、钾配方施肥的响应,获得氮、磷、钾优化的施肥量,以紫薇优良新品种“紫精灵”为研究对象,采用氮、磷、钾“3414”施肥设计进行田间施肥试验,测定不同处理的花序着花数和花期,拟合花序着花数的肥料效应模型,采用频次分析法获得优化施肥量。结果表明:氮、磷、钾配方施肥显著提高了紫薇花序着花数,能提早始花期和盛花期、推迟末花期;施肥对紫薇花序着花数、花期、始花期、盛花期、末花期的单因子影响效应均是N>K>P,交互作用影响效应都是NK>NP>PK;氮、磷、钾对花序着花数的单因素效应为正,氮与磷交互效应为正,氮与钾、磷与钾的交互效应都是负;花序着花数最大的施肥量为氮肥(N)19.50g·株^(-1)、磷肥(P_(2)O_(5))13.82g·株^(-1)、钾肥(K_(2)O)3.66g·株^(-1),此时花序着花数为117.94朵;用频次分析法获得的优化施肥量为氮肥(N)10.95~17.37g·株^(-1)、磷肥(P_(2)O_(5))5.89~9.37g·株^(-1)、钾肥(K_(2)O)7.01~10.25g·株^(-1),预期花序着花数平均值为126.52朵。In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium formula fertilization on the number of flowers on inflorescence and the flowering period of Lagerstroemia indica,as well as to determine optimal nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer application rates,taking the excellent new variety of L indica‘Zijingling'as the research object,field experiments were conducted using a nitrogen phosphorus potassium"3414"fertilization scheme to determine the number of flowers on inflorescence and the flowering period in different treatments.A fertilizer effect model for the number of flowers on inflorescence was established by ftting,and the optimized fertilization amount was determined using frequency analysis method.The results showed that nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium formula fertilization significantly increased the number of flowers on inflorescence which could advance the initial and peak flowering period,and delay the final flowering period.The single factor effect of ferilization on the number of flowers on inflorescence,flowering period,initial flowering period,peak flowering period,and final flowering period was N>K>P,and the interaction effect was NK>NP>PK.The single factor effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium on the number of flowers on inflorescence were positive,the interaction effect between nitrogen and phosphorus was positive,and the interaction effects between nitrogen and potassium,bexween phosphorus and potassium were negative.The maximum number of flowers on inflorescence was 117.94 when fertilized with 19.50 gram per plant of N,13.82 gram per plant of P_(2)O_(5),and 3.66 gram per plant of K_(2)O.The optimal fertilization amount obtained by frequency analysis method was N 10.95 to 17.37 gram per plant,P_(2)O_(5) 5.89 to 9.37 gram per plant,and K_(2)O 7.01 to 10.25 gram per plant,and the predicted average number of flowers on inflorescence was 126.52.

关 键 词：紫薇 配方施肥 着花数 花序 花期 肥料效应 

分 类 号：S685.99[农业科学—观赏园艺]