基于多元统计分析的表层土壤重金属污染来源识别研究  

Source identification of heavy metal pollution in topsoil based on multivariate statistical analysis

作　　者：胡昱欣 宋炜 周瑞静 HU Yuxin;SONG Wei;ZHOU Ruijing(Beijing Institute of Geological&Prospecting Engineering,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市工程地质研究所,北京100048

出　　处：《城市地质》2024年第2期158-166,共9页Urban Geology

摘　　要：在海淀区10家重点企业周边采集了57个土壤样品,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、地累积指数法进行污染与累积评价,采用因子分析、聚类分析等统计方法对土壤重金属来源进行识别与解析。结果表明:10家重点企业周边采样点处的表层土壤不存在重金属污染,除Pb、Ni外,其他6种重金属元素均存在不同程度累积。土壤中Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni、Hg、As具有极显著相关性,Pb、Cu、As、Ni、Zn在主因子F1上的荷载较高,均大于0.5,贡献率为42.207%;Hg、Cd在主因子F2上的荷载较高,Cr在主因子F3上的荷载较高。结合前述评价和聚类分析结果,综合分析确定主因子F1主要为自然源和人为源的综合作用造成,包括交通运输,工业生产、大气沉降;主因子F2主要为人为源,推测主要与金属加工业关系密切;主因子F3主要为成土母质。重点企业综合累积程度与前述累积评价结果一致,采用上述方法进行土壤重金属累积及源解析研究,结果较可靠。This research collected 57 soil samples around 10 key enterprises in Haidian District to evaluate the pollution and accumulation of topsoil based on the methods of single factor pollution index,Nemero comprehensive pollution index and geoaccumulation index.The factor analysis method and cluster analysis have been used to identify and analyze the sources of heavy metals in the soil.The results show that the soil environmental quality is safe without heavy metal pollution.According to geoaccumulation evaluation results,the heavy metals all accumulate to different degrees except Pb and Ni.Besides,the elements of Zn,Cu,Pb,Ni,Hg and As in the soil are all significantly correlated.The load of Pb,Cu,As,Ni and Zn on F1 is higher than 0.5 with a contribution rate of 42.207%.Hg and Cd have higher loads on F2,and Cr has higher loads on F3.Since heavy metals with strong correlation may have homology,it is speculated that F1 is mainly caused by the comprehensive action of natural and manmade sources,including transportation,industrial production and atmospheric deposition.F2 is mainly a man-made source,which is speculated to be closely related to metal processing industry.F3 is mainly the parent material of the soil.The comprehensive accumulative degree of the key enterprises is shown as HF>SW>RS>GYGN>ZSH,which is consistent with the aforementioned accumulative evaluation results.It can be seen that the above assessment methods are reliable in analyzing the accumulation and source of heavy metals in soil.

关 键 词：重点企业 重金属累积 因子分析法 源解析 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]