新闻“边界域”:生成式人工智能对媒介场域的再造  

Journalistic"Boundary Zone":How Generative Artificial Intelligence Reshapes Media Field

作　　者：徐天博[1] 严康 Xu Tianbo;Yan Kang

机构地区：[1]安徽大学新闻传播学院,安徽合肥230601 [2]英国东安格利亚大学国际发展学院,英国诺里奇NR47TJ

出　　处：《传媒观察》2024年第6期58-65,共8页Media Observer

基　　金：2023年度教育部人文社科研究青年项目“涉华议题中社交机器人舆论干预机制与用户行为影响研究”(23YJC860033)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“边界工作”是研究新闻从业者如何通过特定的话语策略来维护自身职业地位与合法性的经典理论框架。然而,ChatGPT和Sora等技术的开发应用表明生成式人工智能已具备多模态内容生产能力,套用“边界工作”理论中的扩张(expansion)、驱逐(expulsion)和自主性保护(protection of autonomy)三条阐释维度已不足以说明生成式人工智能参与新闻生产的种种实践进路。受布尔迪厄“场域”理论启发,哥伦比亚大学教授伊亚尔(Gil Eyal)提出基于关系视角的“边界域”(Boundary zone)理论。本文认为,新闻“边界域”为毗邻新闻业的其他社会场域中的行动者提供了活动的机会空间,技术行动者和职业行动者获得平等的实践身份,新的社会场域由此得以诞生。媒体主导的新闻场域和科技公司主导的技术场域之间的“边界域”成为未来新闻实践的主体网络。Boundary work has long served as the primary theoretical framework for examining how journalists uphold their professional status and legitimacy through specific discourse strategies.However,with the integration of generative artificial intelligence into journalism,exemplified by entities like ChatGPT and Sora,the concepts of"expansion,""expulsion,"and"protection of autonomy"within the boundary work theory have become increasingly constrained in their explanatory capacity.Drawing inspiration from Bourdieu's"field"theory,Professor Gil Eyal of Columbia University has proposed the"boundary zone"theory,rooted in a relational perspective,through a series of empirical investigations.The concept of the journalistic boundary zone offers a space of opportunity for actors from other social fields adjacent to journalism.Both technological and journalistic professional actors can equally engage in practices to construct a new social field.Consequently,the boundary zone between the"journalism field"and the"technology field"is poised to become the primary network for journalistic practice in the future.

关 键 词：生成式人工智能 新闻生产 边界工作 边界域 ChatGPT 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]