日本的历史认识问题与中日关系  

The Issue of Historical Understanding in Japan and Sino-Japanese Relations

作　　者：徐志民[1,2] Xu Zhimin

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学 [2]中国社会科学院历史理论研究所

出　　处：《日本学刊》2024年第2期120-144,147,共26页Japanese Studies

摘　　要：二战结束不久,日本国内很快就出现了歪曲侵略历史、美化侵略战争的错误言论,这引起了日本进步学者的反思和批判,日本的历史认识问题由此而生,并影响了20世纪50、60年代的中日关系。中日复交并签署《中日和平友好条约》后,日本的历史认识问题给处于“蜜月期”的中日关系蒙上了一层阴影,典型事例包括20世纪80年代发生的两次教科书事件和中曾根康弘首相参拜靖国神社。90年代以后,随着苏联解体和冷战结束,国际格局发生重大变化,日本的历史认识问题成了制约中日关系的“瓶颈”,开始严重影响中国民众对日印象,并制约着两国关系正常发展。这种情况在小泉纯一郎、安倍晋三担任日本首相的21世纪初尤为明显。无论教科书事件、首相参拜靖国神社,还是否认战时日军暴行等错误的历史认识,均是日本的历史认识问题的表现形式,加之其历史根源、思想基础、社会基础甚至国际环境并未发生根本改变,日本的历史认识问题的解决不仅需要学术逻辑的剖析,更函待国际政治逻辑上的破局。Soon after the end of World War II,there were erroneous remarks in Japan distorting the history of aggression as well as glorifying the war of aggression.This prompted the reflection and criticism of Japanese progressive scholars,and the issue of Japan's historical understanding was thus born,which affected Sino-Japanese relations in the 1950s and 1960s.After the restoration of diplomatic relations between China and Japan and the signing of the Sino-Japanese Treaty of Peace and Friendship,Japan's historical understanding issue cast a shadow over the"honeymoon period"of Sino-Japanese relations.In the 1980s,there were two textbook controversies as well as Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone's visit to the Yasukuni Shrine.Since the 1990s,with the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the end of the cold war,the international structure has undergone significant changes,and Japan's historical understanding has also become a"bottleneck"restricting Sino-Japanese relations.It has begun to severely affect the sentiments of the Chinese and Japanese people,and has hindered the normalization of relations between the two countries.This situation became particularly apparent in the early 2ist century during the terms of Prime Ministers Junichiro Koizumi and Shinzo Abe.China and Japan have conducted in a series of discussions,exchanges and joint research on this issue,both at the grassroots and official levels.However,as of now,there are no apparent significant achievements.The issue of Japan's historical textbook,the Prime Minister's visits to the Yasukuni Shrine,and the denial of wartime atrocities committed by the Japanese military,all reflect Japan's historical understanding.Given that the historical roots,ideological foundations,social bases and even the international environment on this issue have not fundamentally changed,Japan's historical understanding not only requires academic development,but also urgently needs to break through the international political logic.

关 键 词：历史认识 中日关系 战争责任 共同研究 

分 类 号：D822.331.3[政治法律—政治学]