增施固体土壤改良剂对烤烟经济性状和黑胫病病株率的影响  

Effects of Increasing Solid Soil Amendment on Economic Characters and Black Shank Rate of Flue-cured Tobaccos

作　　者：柴云霞 方亮 李园园 耿少武 布云虹 刘羿男 周贵贤 段雯 CHAI Yun-xia;FANG Liang;LI Yuan-yuan(Yunnan Tobacco Company Chuxiong Prefecture,Chuxiong,Yunnan 675000;Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草公司楚雄州公司,云南楚雄675000 [2]云南农业大学,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第12期42-49,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省烟草公司科技计划项目“基于植物干细胞技术克服烤烟连作障碍的研究与应用”(2022530000241029)。

摘　　要：合理使用土壤改良剂可以有效控制烤烟黑胫病,增加作物经济效益。研究了高效剂型(固体+液体)及剂量(0、1500、2250和3000 kg/hm^(2))对烤烟(Y87和K326)经济性状和黑胫病病株率的影响,筛选出有效土壤改良剂的种类并确定最佳施用量。盆栽试验发现,相较于液体剂型改良剂,固体改良剂可显著降低烟株黑胫病发生,增加干物质累积及烟叶农艺性状,实现增产增收,最佳处理为对Y87品种施加3000 kg/hm^(2)固体改良剂。田间试验显示,不同施用量的固体改良剂均可降低2个烤烟品种的病害,提高干物质积累和烟叶经济性状,且在3000 kg/hm^(2)处理下最为显著。2个品种的烤烟黑胫病的病株率随着土壤改良剂的施用量增加呈下降趋势,可分别降低病株率12.8%~52.0%(Y87)、11.9%~51.9%(K326)。此外,增施土壤改良剂能够显著提高烤烟干物质积累,分别增加烟叶产量12.20%~19.76%(Y87)、9.93%~18.24%(K326),产值分别增加29.17%~37.79%(Y87)、12.83%~36.51%(K326),提高优质烟叶比例,最终提高经济效应。综上,建议种植烤烟Y87品种并施加3000 kg/hm^(2)的固体土壤改良剂,能够获得最佳效益。Rational use of soil amendments can effectively control the black shank of flue-cured tobacco and increase the economic benefits of crops.We researched the effects of high-efficiency formulations(solid + liquid) and dosages(0,1 500,2 250 and 3 000 kg/hm^(2)) on economic characters and black shank rate of flue-cured tobaccos(Y87 and K326),screened out the types of effective soil amendments and determined the optimal application amount.Pot experiments showed that compared with liquid amendments,solid amendments could significantly reduce the occurrence of black shank,increase dry matter accumulation and agronomic traits of tobacco leaves,and enhance yield and income.The best treatment was to apply 3 000 kg/hm^(2) solid amendments to Y87 varieties.The field verification test confirmed that different amounts of solid amendments could reduce the disease of the two flue-cured tobacco varieties,improved the dry matter accumulation and economic traits of tobacco leaves.And the most significant effect was under the treatment of 3 000 kg/hm^(2).The diseased plant rate of the two varieties of flue-cured tobacco black shank decreased with the increase of the application amount of soil amendment,which could reduce the diseased plant rate by 12.8%-52.0%(Y87) and 11.9%-51.9%(K326).In addition,the application of soil amendments could significantly increase the dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco,enhance the yield of tobacco leaves by 12.20%-19.76%(Y87),9.93%-18.24%(K326),and increase the output value by 29.17%-37.79%(Y87),12.83%-36.51%(K326),and increase the proportion of high-quality tobacco leaves,and ultimately improve the economic effect.In summary,it was recommended to plant flue-cured tobacco Y87 varieties and to apply 3 000 kg/hm^(2) solid soil amendments to obtain the best benefits.

关 键 词：土壤改良剂 烤烟 黑胫病 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]