大配合间隙下阀芯偏斜对水嘴性能的影响  

Effect of spool deflection on nozzle performance under large fitting clearance

作　　者：徐宁 张仕民[1] 陈强[2] 何传健 贾德利[2] 姚本春 XU Ning;ZHANG Shimin;CHEN Qiang;HE Chuanjian;JIA Deli;YAO Benchun(College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China;Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Petro China,Beijing 100083,China;The 11th Oil Production Plant of Changqing Oilfield Branch of PetroChina,PetroChina,Qingyang 745000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院,北京102249 [2]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [3]中国石油天然气股份有限公司长庆油田分公司第十一采油厂,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《机电工程》2024年第6期992-1001,共10页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52104054)。

摘　　要：水嘴作为配水器的核心组件,目前已被广泛应用于注水油田。然而,水嘴在实际应用中会遭遇卡阻,导致阀芯无法正常调节,影响注水的效果。并且在测试过程中,很难观察到阀芯卡阻的细节,并重现这种现象。为了揭示水嘴卡阻机理,对不同开度下大配合间隙、阀芯偏心及倾斜对水嘴性能的影响进行了研究。首先,利用了仿真计算方法,建立了水嘴流体域有限元模型,构建了水嘴理论流量特性计算模型,通过实验获得了流量特性,验证了有限元模型的准确性;然后,分析了不同配合间隙下水嘴的流量特性及阀芯表面压力特征,获得了水嘴关闭时的泄漏量、阀芯受到的轴向力和径向力以及表面流动特征;最后,利用了遗传算法,优化了配合间隙。研究结果表明:大配合间隙使流量调节率曲线明显偏离标准曲线,流量调节率明显降低;水嘴在零开度时的径向力与轴向力最大;当配合间隙为0.05 mm时,泄漏量比间隙为0.25 mm时减少了84.56%;配合间隙对泄漏量的影响最为显著,其次为径向力和轴向力;优化配合间隙能够降低泄漏量和径向力,增大偏心与倾斜角能够降低卡阻风险,提高水嘴运行的可靠性。The water nozzle,as the core component of the water distributor,is widely used in water injection oilfields.However,the water nozzle encounter jamming in practical applications,which cause the valve core to be unable to adjust properly,affecting the effectiveness of water injection.It is difficult to observe the details of valve core blockage and reproduce this phenomenon during the testing process.In order to reveal the mechanism jamming of water nozzle,the performance of the water nozzle was studied under different opening angles with large fitting clearance,eccentricity and inclination of the valve core.Firstly,a finite element model of the nozzle fluid domain was established using simulation calculations,theoretical flow characteristic and experimental flow characteristic were obtained to validate the accuracy of the finite element model.Then,an analysis was conducted on the flow characteristics and spool surface pressure features of the nozzle under various fit clearances,and the leakage during nozzle closure,axial and radial forces on the spool,and surface flow characteristics were obtainel.Finally,a genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the fit clearances.The research results indicate that large fit clearance cause the flow regulation rate curve to deviate significantly from the standard curve,significantly reducing the flow regulation rate.The radial and axial forces on the spool are maximized when the nozzle is fully closed.The leakage decreases by 84.56% when the fit clearance changes from 0.25 mm to 0.05 mm.Fit clearance has the most significant impact on leakage,followed by radial force and axial force.Optimizing fit clearances can reduce both leakage and radial force,while increasing eccentricity and inclination angles mitigates the risk of sticking,enhancing the operational reliability of the nozzle.

关 键 词：注水油田 配水器 水嘴卡阻 配合间隙 流量特性 阀芯表面压力特征 径向力 轴向力 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TE934[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]