可调节间距式育苗类穴播种植机械设计  

Design of adjustable spacing seedling hole planting machinery

作　　者：杨天玲 姚荣庆[1] 朱蔷 YANG Tianling;YAO Rongqing;ZHU Qiang(Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing,Zhejiang Institute of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering,Hangzhou 310053,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江机电职业技术学院智能制造学院,浙江杭州310053

出　　处：《机电工程》2024年第6期1095-1100,1126,共7页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：浙江省省级课程思政教学项目(浙教函[2022]51号);浙江省教育厅高校国内访学访工项目(FG2023063)。

摘　　要：针对需要育苗栽种的农业穴播种植机械存在的体积大、不稳定等问题,研究并设计了一款可调节间距式穴播种植机械,以较好地避免现有育苗类穴播农作物种类较多时自动化程度低的局限性,为农户提供一种小型方便的种植机械设备。首先,介绍了该机械的原理和结构,其主要包括驱动模块、钻孔模块和种苗储藏运输模块,满足动力和种植需要;其次,明确了该种植机械电机的参数,控制系统可以实现正常行进、种植行间距调节、轮胎间距调节、远程控制等功能;最后,根据以上设计要求制作了可调节间距式育苗类穴播种植机械实验样机,并对样机的功能和性能进行了测试,对实验样机的种植参数进行了验证。研究结果表明:该穴播种植机械设计有育苗杯储存盘及运输机构,可种植需要使用育苗杯进行移栽的种苗作物;该机械种植间距可调节,解决了苗类适应性问题;其最大种植深度为110 mm,最大行距为1 000 mm,满载速度为39 km/h,双钻头最大种植数量为1 500株/h。该种植机械降低了种植成本,提高了种植效率,为现代农业机械化发展提供了借鉴与参考。Aiming at the problems of large volume and instability in agricultural hole planting machinery that requires seedling cultivation,an adjustable spacing type hole planting machinery was studied and designed,in order to better avoid the limitation of low automation when there are many kinds of existing seedling-raising hole-sowing crops,and provide a small and convenient planting machinery and equipment for farmers.Firstly,the principle and structure of the machinery was introduced and it was included by a driving module,a drilling module,seedling storage and transportation module.The power and planting needs were met by the three modules of this machinery.Secondly,the motor parameters of the planting machinery were clarified and the functions such as normal travel,adjustment of planting row spacing,adjustment of tire spacing,and remote control were achieved by the control system.Finally,according to the above design requirements,an experimental prototype of seedling-raising hole-sowing machinery with adjustable spacing was made,and the function and performance of the prototype were tested,and the planting parameters of the experimental prototype were verified.The research results show that the hole planting machine is designed with a seedling cup storage plate and a transportation mechanism,which can be used to plant seedlings of crops that require the use of seedling cups for transplantation.The planting machine has adjustable planting spacing,which solves the adaptability problem of seedlings.At the same time,the seedling hole planting machine has solved the problems of adjustable spacing between planting lines,high human resource consumption,and low planting efficiency.In addition,the seedling hole planting machine has the advantages of a wide variety of planting types,which can better adapt to the diversified planting of the fields and help promote the diversified and distinctive development of agriculture.The planting machine has maximum planting depth of 110 mm,a maximum row spacing of 1 000 mm,full load spe

关 键 词：育苗类种植机械 可调间距 穴播种植 驱动模块 钻孔种植模块 种苗运输模块 

分 类 号：TH69[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] S233.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]