铀在水汽中的腐蚀机制及影响因素  

Corrosion mechanism and influencing factors of uranium in water vapor

作　　者：姜交来 邓辉[1] 张骏[1] JIANG Jiaolai;DENG Hui;ZHANG Jun(Institute of Materials,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621907,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院材料研究所,四川绵阳621907

出　　处：《冶金分析》2024年第5期14-24,共11页Metallurgical Analysis

基　　金：军科委创新发展特区引领基金(CXTQ202116301)。

摘　　要：铀在水汽中的腐蚀是核工业界长期关注的重点问题。铀与水汽反应会产生氢气,存在很大安全隐患,同时氢气与铀反应,导致严重的氢化腐蚀。理解铀在水汽中的腐蚀机制和动力学,有助于更加准确评估铀的腐蚀状态,从而指导铀燃料的安全贮存。为此,本文分析了铀水反应的特征,概述了铀水腐蚀过程的研究手段,探讨了铀在抛物线和线性两个不同动力学阶段的反应过程,总结了铀水腐蚀产物的物理化学特性,重点讨论了氢化铀(UH_(3))的生成条件及检测方法。系统综述了铀水腐蚀反应的几种机制模型,比较了各个模型的异同点。并详细讨论了影响铀水腐蚀过程的因素,如氧气、铀样品的预处理过程、杂质含量等。The corrosion of uranium in water vapor is a key issue in nuclear industry,and it has been paid much attention for long time.Uranium can react with water vapor to form hydrogen,which has a great security threat.Meanwhile,hydrogen can react with uranium,leading to serious hydrogenation corrosion.The understanding of corrosion mechanism and kinetics of uranium in water vapor is helpful to evaluate the corrosion state of uranium more accurately and guide the safe storage of uranium fuel.Therefore,this paper analyzed the reaction characteristics between uranium and water,summarized the research methods for uranium corrosion process,and discussed the reaction processes occurring in the two different kinetic stages including the parabolic and the linear stages.Moreover,the physical and chemical characteristics of uranium corrosion products in water vapor were summarized.The formation conditions and detection methods of uranium hydride(UH_(3))were emphatically discussed.Several mechanism models for uranium corrosion in water vapor were summarized systematically,and the similarities and differences of models were also compared.Finally,the factors affecting the corrosion process of uranium in water vapor,such as oxygen,pretreatment process of uranium sample,and impurity content,were discussed in detail.

关 键 词：铀水腐蚀 腐蚀机制 氧气 氢化铀 

分 类 号：TL214.6[核科学技术—核燃料循环与材料]