鄂尔多斯矿区不同恢复年限排土场边坡植被演变规律  

Vegetation evolution patterns on slopes of different restoration durations in the Ordos mining area

作　　者：商宇 李钢铁 麻云霞 张月欣 贺琴 贾治 Shang Yu;Li Gangtie;Ma Yunxia;Zhang Yuexin;He Qin;Jia Zhi(College of Desert science and Engineerin,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Key Labora-tory of Desert Ecosystem Protection and Restoration,State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Hohhot 010018,China;Ordos Wulan Development Group Incorporated,Ordos 017200,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]荒漠生态系统保护与修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010000 [3]鄂尔多斯市乌兰煤炭(集团)有限责任公司,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017200

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期108-118,共11页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市科技重大专项(2022EEDSKJZDZX012);内蒙古农业大学高层次/优秀博士人才引进科研启动项目(NDYB2021-9);内蒙古自治区高校科研自然科学重点项目(NJZZ23030)。

摘　　要：[目的]露天煤矿排土场边坡水土流失严重,合理的植被措施可以有效防止水土流失的进一步扩大。有关排土场边坡植被恢复种类的研究较少,分析边坡植被演替规律拓展初始恢复建群种类,可为矿区生态安全评估提供一定参考。[方法]采用时空替代的方法对满来梁露天煤矿4种不同恢复年限(2、6、10、12a)的排土场南北边坡进行植被调查,分析不同恢复年限下边坡群落的演替过程,筛选恢复过程中的优势植物种,为排土场边坡的稳定提供理论基础。[结果](1)露天煤矿排土场边坡植物组成为17科44属60种,以草本植物为主;(2)随着恢复年限的增加,多年生乡土植物逐渐占据优势地位,地上生物量增多,群落稳定性升高;(3)由于排土场南、北坡光照、土壤水分不同,故南、北坡植被存在差异,整体来看北坡植被恢复效果优于南坡;(4)在人工植被恢复时选取能快速生长的豆科植物如紫花苜蓿等作为建群种,并辅以羊草、黑沙蒿、披碱草等适应性较强的本土植物作为伴生种进行植被恢复会在一定程度上使群落演替进程加快,促进群落稳定。[结论]针对地区、坡向的不同选取适宜植被减少群落波动,促进群落稳定,可为矿山的绿色修复提供一定的参考。[Objective]The serious soil erosion on the slopes of overburden dumps in open-pit coal mines can be effectively pre-vented from further expansion by implementing reasonable vegetation measures.However,there is limited research on the veg-etation restoration on the slopes of overburden dumps.This study aimed to analyze the succession patterns of slope vegetation to expand the initial restoration species and provided a reference for the ecological security assessment of mining areas.[Meth-ods]Using the spatiotemporal substitution method,vegetation surveys were conducted on the north and south slopes of overbur-den dumps with four different restoration durations(2,6,10,12a)in the Manlailiang open-pit coal mine.The succession pro-cess of slope communities under different restoration durations were analyzed to select dominant plant species during the restora-tion process,providing a theoretical basis for the stability of slope vegetation on overburden dumps.[Results]The findings in-cluded:(1)The vegetation composition on the slopes of the open-pit coal mine overburden dumps consisted of 60 species from 44 genera and 17 families,mainly comprising herbaceous plants.(2)With increasing restoration duration,perennial native plants gradually occupied a dominate position,aboveground biomass increased,and community stability improved.(3)Due to differences in sunlight and soil moisture between the north and south slopes of the overburden dumps,there were variations in vegetation,with overall better vegetation recovery on the north slope compared to the south slope.(4)During artificial vegeta-tion restoration,selecting fast-growing leguminous plants such as Medicago sativa as pioneer species,supplemented by indige-nous plants with strong adaptability such as Leymus chinensis(Trin.)Tzvel.、Artemisia ordosica Krasch,and Elymus dahuric-us Turcz,can accelerate the succession process of the community and promote community stability to some extent.[Conclu-sion]Selecting suitable vegetation according to different regions and aspects

关 键 词：边坡稳定 植被恢复 植物多样性 群落稳定性 演替规律 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]