通过人权的主体性迈向人权的普遍性——对人权主体性理论的一种初步阐释  

From the Subjectivity of Human Rights to the Universality of Human Rights——A Preliminary Interpretation of the Theory on the Subjectivity of Human Rights

作　　者：黄金荣[1] Huang Jinrong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《人权》2024年第3期187-209,共23页Human Rights

摘　　要：普遍性是人权的本质特征之一,但对人权普遍性概念的理解存在理想主义和现实主义的实质性分野。以自然人权观为基础的激进普遍性和强普遍性概念因过于理想主义而在实践中具有被异化为国际压制工具的巨大风险,而人权的主体性理论则可以比较有效地化解激进普遍性和强普遍性所带来的这种风险。人权主体性理论主张通过人权的主体性迈向人权的普遍性,它既符合国际人权建构的实际过程,也可以有效解释国际人权在实施过程中遇到的现实困难,因此可以作为自然人权理论之外另一种人权理论选择。Universality is one of the essential characteristics of human rights,but there is a substantive difference between idealism and realism in understanding the concept of universali-ty of human rights.The concepts of radical universality and strong universality based on the con-cept of natural human rights are too idealistic and thus have a high risk of being alienated into a tool of international repression in practice.On the contrary,the theory on the subjectivity of hu-man rights can effectively defuse this risk brought about by radical universality and strong uni-versality.Advocating a transition from the universality of human rights to the subjectivity of hu-man rights not only keeps in line with the actual construction process of international human rights,but can also effectively interpret the practical difficulties in the realization process of in-ternational human rights.Therefore,it can be used as another alternative theory on human rights beyond the theory of natural human rights.

关 键 词：人权 普遍性 主体性 自然人权观 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学] D082[政治法律—法学]