城市轨道交通系统的层次化功能结构解析——以上海为例  

Hierarchical functional structure analysis of urban rail transit systems:Using Shanghai as an example

作　　者：焦洪赞[1] 黄世彪 杨珊珊 周煜 JIAO Hongzan;HUANG Shibiao;YANG Shanshan;ZHOU Yu

机构地区：[1]武汉大学城市设计学院 [2]武汉大学遥感信息工程学院 [3]华东师范大学

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2024年第3期28-34,共7页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(42192580、42192583);国家重点研发计划课题(2020YFC1512002);自然资源部国土空间智能规划技术重点实验室开放基金(20220308)。

摘　　要：解析城市轨道交通系统的功能结构对于建立以轨道交通为骨架的城市空间结构至关重要,其有助于优化城市空间布局,促进交通与土地利用融合,进而推动城市可持续发展。本文利用交通刷卡大数据,基于轨道交通站域的功能相似性和邻接关系提出了功能站组的概念,并形成了一套“站域功能分类—站组范围划定—站群结构识别”的方法体系。以上海市轨道交通系统为例,针对单个站域,构建表征站域土地利用功能的连续客流时间序列,并依据时间序列特征分类得到站域功能类型;将多个具有相似的出行模式和土地利用功能的相邻站域划定为功能站组;以功能站组为基本单元,采用社区发现算法,对功能站组间的客流交互网络进行分析以识别站群。研究结果表明,城市轨道交通系统的“站域—站组—站群”层次化功能结构解析方法综合了场所空间和流空间视角,有助于认识特大城市轨道交通系统的功能结构特征,并为轨道交通系统的发展提供多层次的空间优化建议。In recent years,with the rapid advancement of urbanization in China,the expansion and extension of urban spatial scope have led to a significant increase in the number of motor vehicles within cities.Consequently,traffic congestion,environmental pollution,greenhouse gas emissions,and energy consumption have become increasingly severe challenges faced by large cities.In order to address the challenges posed by rapid urbanization,the construction of rail transit has entered a period of rapid development,and Transit-Oriented Development(TOD)has gradually become an important form of organizing urban spatial structures in major cities.The TOD model refers to the planning and construction of mixed-use communities within the spatial scope of rail transit stations(i.e.,within walking distance of rail transit stations and surrounding core commercial areas),integrating residential,commercial,office,and public activity functions.Traditional TOD development focuses on the functions surrounding individual stations and can be understood from the perspective of“place space”.However,the TOD development approach based solely on the“place space”perspective of individual station areas overlooks the spatial connections of urban rail transit,resulting in lower levels of functional connectivity between station areas.This leads to issues such as inadequate passenger aggregation and convenience of services,uneven distribution of daily passenger flows around rail transit stations,and insufficient passenger sources.Therefore,analyzing the functional structure of urban rail transit systems is crucial for establishing urban spatial structures centered around rail transit.This aids in optimizing urban spatial layout,promoting the integration of transportation and land use,and thereby driving sustainable urban development.Currently,with the rise of urban spatiotemporal big data research,we have access to smart card data from rail transit systems.This data records the entry and exit swipe times and station information for each rail tra

关 键 词：城市轨道交通 功能结构 社区发现算法 交通刷卡大数据 流空间 

分 类 号：TU984.191[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]