古邢台对刘秉忠设置元大都中心台的影响初探  

An inquiry into the influence of the Xing Platform on Liu Bingzhong planning the Central Platform of Yuan Dadu

作　　者：叶亚乐 武廷海[2] YE Yale;WU Tinghai

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院 [2]清华大学建筑学院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2024年第3期84-89,共6页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(23&ZD256)。

摘　　要：元大都设置“中心台”于都城四方之中,中心台规划一直以来是城市规划史上的一个谜题。通过文献解读和空间复原发现,金末元初邢州城中心有古邢台,处于山川测望线交汇点上,邢州城的台—城—山空间关系与元大都相似;元大都规划主持者刘秉忠对邢州有深厚的故乡情结,对邢州的台、城、山及其空间关系有充分的认知。推测元大都中心台设置很可能参考了邢州城的古邢台,实现了古代山川定位技术方法的传承与发展,相关历史遗存是重要的规划遗产。Yuan Dadu is grand in scale and neat in layout,and a series of planning innovation has enriched the theory and method of ancient urban planning and design,which occupies an important position in Chinese urban planning history.As one of the highlights,Yuan Dadu was the first city where a central platform was built,which was located not only in the center of the capital city,but also at the intersection of the observation lines aimed at mountains.As the planning of the Central Platform has always been a puzzle in the urban planning history,exploring its origins will not only help to deeply interpret the planning of Yuan Dadu,but also to further examine the technical methods of positioning via mountains in ancient China.According to previous studies,Liu Bingzhong was responsible for the overall design of Yuan Dadu,including the planning of the central platform.Coincidentally,in Liu Bingzhong’s hometown Xingzhou happened to exist the Xing Platform.Is the nature and position of the Xing Platform in Xingzhou related to the Central Platform in Yuan Dadu?This provides an alternative approach to explore the planning motives of the Central Platform of Yuan Dadu.Dating back to the era of Liu Bingzhong,the paper locates the platform,city and mountains by textual criticism,and analyzes the spatial relationship among them.Firstly,combining ancient literature with material evidence,the city wall of Xingzhou during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties is recovered,and that the north wall at that time was about 370 m south of that of the current old town is found.Secondly,we confirm the specific location and geographic coordinates of the Xing Platform which is proved to be the visual focus of Xingzhou,and discover that the Xing Platform was equidistant from the east and west gates as well as the north wall,suggesting that the Xing Platform was in the center of the Xingzhou City during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties.Thirdly,we locate Mount Long and Mount Que in the northwest of Xingzhou,which are proved culturally important in Xingzhou.Finall

关 键 词：元大都 刘秉忠 山川定位 规划方法 规划遗产 

分 类 号：TU984.11[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]