词汇类型学视角下白昼时段构词倾向性的认知研究  

A Cognitive Study of the Tendency of Daytime Word-Formation from the Perspective of Lexical Typology

作　　者：赵欣语 于秀金 ZHAO Xinyu;YU Xiujin(School of Foreign Studies,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学外国语学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《外国语》2024年第3期15-26,共12页Journal of Foreign Languages

摘　　要：本文在词汇类型学视角下考察9个语系52种现代语言的时间词"上午""中午""下午"的构词倾向和认知理据,并结合古汉语的情况进行分析,研究发现:(1)低纬度语言的"上下午"倾向于独立构词,而中高纬度语言的"上下午"倾向于基于"中午"进行构词;(2)通过SPSS相关性分析,在全纬度范围内,"中午"在构词方面的显赫度与纬度存在强相关,低纬度与中高纬度的临界点是"中午"显赫度的拐点;(3)"上午"的独立性强于"下午","下午"和"中午"的联结性高于"上午"和"中午"的联结性;(4)白昼时段构词存在两种时空隐喻模式:静态存在和动态过程。本文归纳出8种白昼时段构词,并根据古汉语的白昼时段构词发展过程,依据语言表达的经济性原则和时间认知的渐进性,尝试提出"上下午"和"中午"构词可能存在的发展路径。This paper investigates the word-formation tendency and cognitive motivation of the time words"morning","noon"and"afternoon"in 52 modern languages of 9 language families and ancient Chinese from the perspective of lexical typology.The research shows that:(1)Languages of low latitude areas prefer words of"morning"and"afternoon"formed independently,while languages of middle and high latitude areas incline to form morning and afternoon based on"noon";(2)The SPSS correlation analysis shows that there is a strong correlation between latitudes and the prominence of"noon"of all latitudes in word-formation,and that the critical point between the low latitude and the mid-high latitude is the inflection point of the prominence of noon;(3)"Morning"shows more independence than"afternoon"and the connection between"afternoon"and"noon"is stronger than that between"morning"and"noon";(4)Two patterns of the space-time metaphor exist in the word-formation of daytime periods:the static existence and the dynamic course.8 types of daytime word-formations are identified.Based on the development process of daytime period words in ancient Chinese,the economy principle of language and the gradualness of time cognition,two possible development paths of morning-afternoon and noon are proposed.

关 键 词：词汇类型学 认知 时空隐喻 构词 

分 类 号：H04[语言文字—语言学]