老年心血管病患者肌少症防控知识知晓率调查及影响因素分析  

Investigation on the awareness rate of knowledge about sarcopenia prevention and control in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease and analysis of influencing factors

作　　者：俞曦艳 吴迪菲 陈旭娇 Yu Xiyan;Wu Difei;Chen Xujiao(The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,Hangzhou 310053,China;Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou 310058,China;Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University,Hangzhou 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江中医药大学第二临床医学院,杭州310053 [2]浙江大学医学院,杭州310058 [3]浙江中医药大学临床医学院,杭州310000

出　　处：《中华老年医学杂志》2024年第6期745-751,共7页Chinese Journal of Geriatrics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2009001);浙江省科技厅重大社会公益计划(2023C03162);2022年省卫生高层次创新人才项目(2022-1);国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2008606)。

摘　　要：目的:通过调查老年心血管病患者对肌少症及其相关防控知识的知晓情况,分析影响肌少症知晓率的可能影响因素,为进一步制定老年心血管病患者合并肌少症精准健康教育方案提供理论依据。方法:多中心横断面研究,通过典型抽样,选取2022年3—8月在浙江医院等12家医院就诊的60岁及以上的老年患者576例,以问卷形式调查其人口学资料、肌少症及防控知识的知晓情况等,同时对老年心血管病患者肌少症知晓率的可能影响因素进行分析。结果:老年心血管病患者对肌少症的总知晓率为43.2%(249/576);肌少症导致握力下降、步速减慢的知晓率为39.9%(230/576)、39.8%(229/576);高龄或合并有慢性病的老年人更容易发生肌少症的知晓率为37.8%(218/576)、29.3%(169/576);抗阻运动、补充蛋白质能够预防或改善肌少症的知晓率为33.9%(195/576)、37.0%(213/576)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、年龄70~89岁是影响肌少症及其相关防控知识知晓率的独立危险因素,而高中及以上学历、独居则是独立保护因素。结论:老年心血管病患者对肌少症及其防控知识知晓率低,与女性、高龄、高学历、独居等因素显著相关,因此在肌少症的宣教过程中,应建立肌少症精准健康教育方案,提高老年心血管病患者对肌少症的知晓率,最大程度地减少或延缓肌少症的发生和发展。Objective To investigate the awareness of sarcopenia and knowledge about its prevention and control in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease and analyze potential influencing factors for the awareness rate of sarcopenia,in order to provide a theoretical foundation for further developing a precise health education program for elderly patients with cardiovascular disease and sarcopenia.Methods In this multicenter cross-sectional study,the representative sampling method was used via a questionnaire to collect demographic data,awareness of sarcopenia,and knowledge about its prevention and control from 576 elderly patients aged 60 years and over receiving treatment between March and August 2022 at 12 hospitals including Zhejiang Hospital.Meanwhile,possible influencing factors on the awareness rate of sarcopenia in elderly cardiovascular disease patients were analyzed.Results The overall awareness rate of sarcopenia in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease was 43.2%(249/576).The awareness rates for sarcopenia-related declines in grip strength and walking speed were 39.9%(230/576)and 39.8%(229/576),respectively.The rates of awareness that sarcopenia is more likely to occur in very elderly people was 37.8%(218/576)and the rate of awareness for its more likely occurrence in elderly people with chronic diseases was 29.3%(169/576).The rates of awareness that resistance exercise and protein supplementation could prevent or improve sarcopenia were 33.9%(195/576)and 37.0%(213/576),respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis found that being female and being 70-89 years old were independent risk factors affecting the awareness of sarcopenia and related knowledge about its prevention and control,while high school education and above and living alone were independent protective factors.Conclusions The awareness rate of sarcopenia and knowledge about its prevention and control in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease is low and is significantly correlated to the female gender,advanced age,high educa

关 键 词：心血管疾病 肌少症 一级预防 

分 类 号：R54[医药卫生—心血管疾病]