深海重要矿产资源开发研究进展  

Research progress on exploitation of key deep-sea mineral resources

作　　者：李鑫海 孙治雷 曹红[2,3] 耿威 张喜林[2,3] 翟滨 张现荣 徐思南 张栋 周渝程 吕泰衡 李世兴 黄威 LI Xinhai;SUN Zhilei;CAO Hong;GENG Wei;ZHANG Xilin;ZHAI Bin;ZHANG Xianrong;XU Sinan;ZHANG Dong;ZHOU Yucheng;LV Taiheng;LI Shixing;HUANG Wei(Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology,China Geological Survey,Qingdao 266237,China;Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院,北京100037 [2]中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所,青岛266237 [3]青岛海洋科技中心海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室,青岛266237

出　　处：《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2024年第3期160-172,共13页Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“海洋甲烷拦截带对冷泉流体的消耗研究:来自南海东沙海域的观测与研究”(42176057);山东省自然科学基金“冲绳海槽冷泉-热液流体溶解碳源/汇效应及对深海碳循环的影响”(ZR2021MD049);崂山实验室科技创新项目课题“适于海底水合物资源探测的爬行车作业平台研制”(LSKJ202203504)。

摘　　要：深海蕴藏了丰富的能源与矿产资源,包括多金属结核、多金属硫化物、富钴结壳、深海稀土、天然气水合物等,是人类社会未来可持续发展的重要储备。当前,社会迅猛发展对能源和关键矿产资源的需求持续增长,引发了又一轮深海矿产资源开发热潮。全球范围内,已发现的深海矿产资源主要集中于太平洋、大西洋和印度洋的国际海底区域,以及沿海国家专属经济区内的海底。与陆地矿床相比,深海矿床具有品位高、种类多、开采地点远离居民生活区、且易于运输转移的优势,但采矿又势必会影响海洋生物生存环境,破坏深海生态系统稳定性。如不加强对环境影响的评估和开采技术的研究,并制定相关的法律法规,未来的深海采矿对海洋环境的破坏将无法估量。鉴于此,本文从深海典型矿产资源开采现状、开采技术研究进展以及对深海生态系统影响等方面进行了系统梳理,并对相关制约因素进行了讨论并提出合理性建议,以期为未来深海采矿技术方案的制定提供有益借鉴。The deep sea is rich in energy and mineral resources,including polymetallic nodules,massive sulphides,cobalt-rich crusts,deep-sea rare earths,natural gas hydrates,and so on,which are important reserves for the future sustainable development of human society.Currently,the demand for energy and key mineral resources for the rapid development of society continues to grow,stimulating another round of deep-sea mineral resources development boom.In the global context,deep-sea mineral resources discovered are mainly concentrated in the international seabed areas of the Pacific,Atlantic,and Indian Oceans,as well as in the seabed within the exclusive economic zones of coastal countries.Compared with land-based mineral deposits,deep-sea mineral deposits have the advantages of high grade,variety,being far away from residential areas,and easy transportation and transfer.However,marine mining will inevitably affect the living environment of marine organisms and destabilize deep-sea ecosystems.If we do not strengthen the assessment of environmental impacts and research on mining technology,as well as formulate relevant laws and regulations,the damage to the marine environment caused by future deep-sea mining will be incalculable.Therefore,the current situation of deep-sea mining,the research progress of mining technology,the impact on deep-sea ecosystems,and the relevant constraints were systematically reviewed,and reasonable suggestions were put forward.This study provided a useful reference for the development of future deep-sea mining technology.

关 键 词：深海矿产资源 采集技术 提升技术 环境影响 

分 类 号：P736[天文地球—海洋地质]