人工智能与企业劳动收入份额——基于新一代人工智能创新发展试验区试点的准自然实验  

Artificial Intelligence and Enterprise Labor Income Share——A Quasi-natural Experiment Based on the Pilot of a New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Innovation Development Pilot Zone

作　　者：李媛媛[1] 高帅科 Li Yuanyuan;Gao Shuaike(School of Economics and Management,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300130,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学经济管理学院,天津300130

出　　处：《工业技术经济》2024年第7期120-130,共11页Journal of Industrial Technological Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“我国老年人决策行为异质性与金融欺诈风险预警及防控研究”(项目编号:20CRK010)。

摘　　要：城市数智化转型在人工智能发展下逐步推进,并起到赋能经济社会和企业高质量发展的作用。基于此,本文以国家新一代人工智能创新发展试验区为外生冲击,通过构建双重差分模型探究城市数智化转型对企业劳动收入分配的效应。研究结果表明,相对非试点城市而言,试点城市内企业的劳动收入份额显著提高。异质性分析发现,试验区设立对企业劳动收入份额的提升效应在国有企业、资本密集型企业、员工议价能力高的企业、东中部地区和市场化水平低的企业更明显。机制分析得出,城市数智化转型能够增加企业现金充裕性、提高企业人力资本水平,进而增加劳动收入份额。进一步分析表明试验区的设立能够改善企业内部的收入不平等,尤其是劳动错配程度较大地区的企业。本文丰富了人工智能试验区的经济后果研究,为推动人工智能落实发展、提高劳动收入份额提供了政策启示。The transformation of urban digital intelligence is gradually promoted under the development of artificial intelli⁃gence,and plays a role in enabling the high-quality development of economic society and enterprises.Based on this,taking the national new generation of artificial intelligence innovation and development pilot zone as an exogenous impact,this paper explores the effect of urban digital intelligent transformation on enterprise labor income distribution by constructing a differential model.The results show that compared with non-pilot cities,the labor income share of enterprises in pilot cities has increased significantly.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the increasing effect of the establishment of pilot zones on the labor income share of enterprises is more obvious in state-owned enterprises,capital-intensive enterprises,enterprises with high bargaining power of employees,eas⁃tern and central regions and enterprises with low marketization level.According to the mechanism analysis,urban digital intelligent transformation can increase the cash abundance of enterprises,improve the level of human capital of enterprises,and then increase the share of labor income.Further analysis shows that the establishment of pilot zones can improve the income inequality within en⁃terprises,especially in areas with large labor mismatch.This paper enriches the research on the economic consequences of artificial intelligence pilot zones,and provides policy implications for promoting the implementation and development of artificial intelligence and increasing the share of labor income.

关 键 词：人工智能 城市数智化转型 劳动收入份额 双重差分 人工智能创新发展试验区 共同富裕 区域异质性 人力资本水平 

分 类 号：F244[经济管理—劳动经济] F49[经济管理—国民经济]