蚕桑产业在南方石漠化治理中的实践  

The Practice of Sericulture Industry in Stony Desertification Harnessing in Southern China

作　　者：范伟[1,2,3] 高波 徐兵 赵爱春 FAN Wei;GAO Bo;XU Bing;ZHAO Aichun(State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Chongqing Qianjiang Desert Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Chongqing 409099,China;Chongqing Qjanjiang District Silkworm Management General Station,Chongqing 409000,China)

机构地区：[1]资源昆虫高效养殖与利用全国重点实验室(西南大学),重庆400715 [2]西南大学蚕学与系统生物学研究所,重庆400715 [3]国家林业和草原局重庆黔江荒漠生态系统定位观测研究站,重庆409099 [4]重庆市黔江区蚕业管理总站,重庆409000

出　　处：《蚕学通讯》2024年第2期83-92,共10页Newsletter of Sericultural Science

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-18-ZJ0201);重庆市现代农业产业技术体系(CQMAITS202311)。

摘　　要：石漠化是中国南方岩溶地区最为突出的生态问题,治理过程中需要兼顾生态效益和经济效益。随着“东桑西移”战略的实施,石漠化集中的7个省(区、市)的桑园面积和蚕茧产量分别占全国的68.3%和80.3%。因此,蚕桑产业在石漠化地区具有良好的产业基础。本文综述了桑蚕生产系统对石漠化地区的修复潜力,以及蚕桑产业在石漠化地区的推广实践。桑蚕生产系统在石漠化地区具有促进保水固土、提高土壤质量、保护生物多样性、美化环境景观等方面的作用。从品种筛选、农艺管理等角度分析了提升桑树在石漠化地区适应性的措施。以重庆市黔江区栽桑养蚕的经营现状为例,分析了小蚕共育和大蚕饲养的规模,以及经营不同规模桑园的产量和效益。最后,从加强科学技术研究及政策支持和宣传力度等角度给出了建议。Stony desertification is the most prominent ecological issue in the karst region of southern China,and the management process needs to balance ecological and economic benefits.With the implementation of the“east sericulture shift to west”strategy,the mulberry orchard area and silk production in the seven provinces with concentrated stony desertification account for 68.3%and 80.3%of the national total,respectively.Therefore,the sericulture industry has a good industrial foundation in the stony desertification area.This article reviews the restoration potential of the mulberry-silkworm system in the stony desertification area and the promotion practice of the sericulture industry.The mulberry-silkworm system promotes water conservation,soil conservation,soil quality improvement,biodiversity protection,and landscape beautification in the stony desertification area.Measures to improve the adaptability of mulberry trees in the stony desertification area are analyzed from the perspectives of variety screening and agronomic management.Taking the current situation of mulberry-silkworm cultivation in Qianjiang District,Chongqing as an example,the status quo of rearing of young silkworm and grown silkworm modes,as well as the yield and benefits of different scale mulberry orchards,are analyzed.Finally,suggestions and prospects are given from the perspectives of strengthening scientific and technological research,improving policy support,and promoting education and publicity.

关 键 词：蚕桑产业 岩溶生态系统 石漠化 生态效益 经济效益 

分 类 号：F326.3[经济管理—产业经济]