基于各向异性介质理论的煤系地震数据高分辨处理方法与应用  

A high-resolution method for processing coal measures seismic data based on anisotropic medium theories and its application

作　　者：李慧婷 常锁亮 张生 关雯元 赵兴 王唯骞 澹台明君 高凯欣 LI Huiting;CHANG Suoliang;ZHANG Sheng;GUAN Wenyuan;ZHAO Xing;WANG Weiqian;TANTAI Mingjun;GAO Kaixin(Department of Geosciences and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Coal Measure Gas Co-Production,Taiyuan 030024,China;Shanxi Institute of Geological Survey Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan 030006,China;Shandi Geophysical Prospecting Technology Co.,Ltd.,Jinzhong 030600,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学地球科学与工程系,山西太原030024 [2]三气共采省技术创新中心,山西太原030024 [3]山西省地质调查院,山西太原030006 [4]山地物探技术有限公司,山西晋中030600

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2024年第6期145-153,共9页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42102212);山西省揭榜挂帅项目(20191101018,20201101004);山西省研究生科研创新项目(2023KY250)。

摘　　要：【目的】随着深部资源勘探开发的重要性不断提高,对高精度地震勘探提出了新要求。针对具有强各向异性的含煤地层,传统基于各向同性的资料处理方法不再适用。【方法】提出一种基于水平横向各向同性介质(Transverse Isotropy Medium with Vertical Symmetry Axis,VTI)和方位各向异性介质(Transverse Isotropy with Horizontal Axis of Symmetry,HTI)联合处理的地震数据处理方法。首先,针对含煤地层沉积特征,分析VTI介质特点,采用高阶动校正处理,可以有效消除各向异性在大偏移距数据中引起的同相轴弯曲,保证共反射点远近道能达到同相,提高数据叠加成像质量。其次,针对构造裂隙发育特征,立足于HTI介质的方位各向异性分析,采用OVT域处理方法,通过建立方位各向异性参数场去除不同方位角差异对数据的影响。联合应用上述2种处理方法,通过制定合理的处理流程,优选关键参数,搭建一套实用的、适合目标地层的各向异性处理校正方法,解决含煤地层在复杂条件下的速度分析、叠加等问题,从而提高煤系地震数据的分辨率和解释精度。【结果和结论】实际应用结果表明,新方法获得的地震数据主频更高、频带更宽,在小构造特征识别和古地理环境刻画方面更具优势,为精细地质解释提供了有力支撑。同时也强调了对含煤地层进行各向异性处理的必要性,推动各向异性处理技术的在宽方位地震勘探中的应用。[Objective]The increasing importance of the exploration and exploitation of deep resources poses new requirements for high-precision seismic exploration.Given that conventional isotropy-based data processing methods are no longer applicable to the coal-bearing strata with strong anisotropy.[Methods]This study proposed a method for processing seismic data based on theories of both transverse isotropy medium with a vertical symmetry axis(VTI)media and transverse isotropy with a horizontal axis of symmetry(HTI)media.First,to characterize the depositional characteristics of coal-bearing strata,this study analyzed the features of VTI media,revealing that high-order dynamic correction can effectively eliminate anisotropy-induced event bending in large-offset seismic data,thus ensuring that the common reflection points in both far and near channels can be in-phase and improving the data stacking and imaging quality.Second,targeting the characteristics of tectonic fissures,this study relied on the azimuthal anisotropy analysis of HTI media.Specifically,using Offset-Vector Tiles(OVT)domain processing,the influence of varying azimuthal differences on data was removed by establishing the parameter fields of azimuthal anisotropy.Using both methods,this study developed a practical processing and correction method suitable for target strata with anisotropy by establishing a rational process and choosing optimal key parameters.This method can achieve effective velocity analysis and data stacking of coal-bearing strata under complex conditions,thus improving the resolution and interpretation accuracy of coal measures seismic data.[Results and Conclusions]The application results indicate that the new method can obtain seismic data with higher dominant frequency and a wider frequency band and is more advantageous in identifying the features of small structures and characterizing paleogeographic environments,thereby providing strong support for the fine-scale geological interpretation.This study highlighted the necessity of the pro

关 键 词：含煤地层 VTI介质 HTI介质 高阶动校正 OVT处理 

分 类 号：P631.443[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]