洲滩湿地植物群落对水文地貌特征变化适应力的研究进展  

Adaptation of Floodplain Plant Community to Changes in Hydro-geomorphic Features: A Review

作　　者：夏雪 马学而 李佳奕 雷霆[1,2] XIA Xue;MA Xue-er;LI Jia-yi;LEI Ting(School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Dongting Lake Wetland Ecosystem,Changde 415904,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083 [2]湖南洞庭湖湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,湖南常德415904

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2024年第6期773-779,共7页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42171053)。

摘　　要：水文地貌特征变化会造成生态水文因子及土壤因子的空间差异,影响洲滩植物群落的构建和演替趋势。明确水文地貌特征对洲滩植物群落的作用机制具有重要的理论和实践意义。该研究总结了洲滩湿地植物群落对水文地貌特征变化的适应力研究成果,阐述了湿地植物群落对水文地貌特征变化的适应策略,在此基础上提出以立地水深来衡量微尺度水文地貌特征,尝试探索生态环境因子-立地水深-植物功能多样性之间的级联关系,以准确评估水文地貌变化对洲滩湿地生态过程造成的影响;并以立地水深为核心,确定洲滩湿地植物水文地貌生态位,选择适应力和恢复力更强的植物物种组合方法;最后以典型洲滩湿地洞庭湖为例,阐述洲滩植物群落对水文地貌特征变化的适应力评估和应用。洞庭湖剧烈的水位波动常伴随着沉积物累积和冲蚀等机械干扰,继而产生多样化的微地貌。研究洲滩湿地植物群落对微尺度水位和地表高程变化的响应和适应力能够深入评估洲滩湿地植物群落演替趋势,评价湿地保护和修复工程的有效性。Changes in hydro-geomorphic features will cause spatial differences in eco-hydrological factors and soil factors,which affect the construction and succession trend of floodplain plant community,and it is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify the mechanism of hydro-geomorphic features on floodplain plant community.This paper summarizes the research results on the resilience of wetland plant community to changes in hydro-geomorphic features,and describes the adaptation strategies of wetland plant community to changes in hydro-geomorphic features.On this basis,it is proposed to measure the micro-scale hydro-geomorphic features by"stand water depth",and try to explore the cascade relationship between ecological factors,"stand water depth"and plant functional diversity,in order to accurately assess the impacts of hydro-geomorphic changes on the ecological processes of floodplain.Centered on the"stand water depth",the hydro-geomorphic ecological niche of plants in the floodplain was determined,and the method of selecting plant species combinations with higher adaptive and restorative capacity was explored.Finally,Dongting Lake was taken as an example to illustrate the application of the resilience assessment of floodplain plant community to changes in hydro-geomorphic characteristics.The dramatic water level fluctuations of Dongting Lake are often accompanied by mechanical disturbances such as sediment accumulation and erosion,which subsequently produce diverse micro-geomorphic features.The study of the response and resilience of floodplain plant community to changes in water level and surface elevation at the micro-scale can be used to assess the succession trend of wetland plant community on the lake′s floodplain and to evaluate the effectiveness of wetland protection and restoration projects.

关 键 词：立地水深 地表高程测量平台 植物功能性状 水文地貌特征 洞庭湖 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]