“五四宪法”对国家监督体系的奠基  

On the Foundation of the State Supervision System in the 1954 Constitution

作　　者：于文豪[1] YU Wen-hao

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院

出　　处：《河北学刊》2024年第4期1-14,共14页Hebei Academic Journal

摘　　要：“五四宪法”奠定了新中国国家监督体系的基本框架。“五四宪法”建立的国家监督体系以人大制度为基础,以行政监察和检察监督为重要方式,政协发挥着政治监督的功能。这一体系确定了人民代表大会在国家机构体系中的基础地位,丰富了以民主集中制为原则的权力运行机制,巩固了中国共产党的领导核心地位。但是,这一体系存在着宪法实施不足、监督内涵缺失和党内监督弱化的问题。以“五四宪法”为参照,未来要坚持与完善党和国家监督体系,须着力实现党内监督和国家监督的贯通融合,国家监督体系内部的协调衔接,民主制度和程序的完善便捷,公民基本权利的充分保障。The 1954 Constitution laid the basic framework of the national supervision system in PRC.The national supervision system established by the 1954 Constitution is based on the system of people’s congresses,with administrative supervision and procuratorial supervision as the specific methods,and the CPPCC plays the function of political supervision.This system defines the basic status of the people’s congress in the system of state institutions,enriches the power operation mechanism based on the principle of democratic centralism,and consolifies the leadership core position of the CPC.However,there are some problems,such as insufficient implementation of constitution,lack of supervision connotation and weakening of intra-party supervision.Taking the 1954 Constitution as a reference,it is necessary to adhere to and improve the CPC and state supervision system,focusing on the integration of intra-party supervision and state supervision,coordination and cohesion within the state supervision system,improvement and convenience of democratic systems and procedures,and full protection of citizens’fundamental rights.

关 键 词：《共同纲领》 “五四宪法” 党和国家监督体系 人民代表大会制度 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]