第三人债务加入追偿权的基础法律关系与规则——对《民法典合同编通则司法解释》第51条的进一步探讨  

The Underlying Legal Relationship and Rules of the Right of Recovery in the Relationship of Accession of Third-Party Debts—Further Discussion on Article 51 of the Judicial Interpretation of the General Principles of the Contract Part of the Civil Code

作　　者：杨立新 YANG Li-xin

机构地区：[1]广东财经大学法治与经济研究所 [2]中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心

出　　处：《河北学刊》2024年第4期191-204,共14页Hebei Academic Journal

基　　金：2021年度北京市社会科学研究基金重点研究项目“民法典实施中的疑难问题研究”(21FXA004)。

摘　　要：《民法典》第552条规定债务加入却未规定第三人债务加入后对债务人享有追偿权,《民法典合同编通则司法解释》第51条对此作了规定。对第三人债务加入追偿权的基础法律关系性质,有连带责任说和不真正连带责任说。本文认为,第三人债务加入追偿权的法律关系与连带责任保证追偿权的法律关系相同,是不真正连带债务;不仅如此,这种不真正连带债务还存在两种不同形态,第三人履行全部债务的是典型不真正连带债务,履行部分债务的是部分不真正连带债务。第三人债务加入后对债务人享有的追偿权,既不是产生于不当得利或者无因管理,也不是产生于请求权让与,而是第三人因其债务履行行为代位取得债权人的债权,有权代债权人之位向债务人行使追偿权。该条司法解释的具体规则基本可行,但须适当补充必要规则。Article 552 of the Civil Code provides for the accession of debts,but does not provide for the third party’s right of recovery against the debtor after the accession of debts,which is stipulated in Article 51 of the Judicial Interpretation of the General Principles of the Contracts of the Civil Code.The nature of the legal relationship underlying the third party’s right to join in the debt recovery,there are joint and several liability and not really joint and several liability.In this paper,the third party debt to join the right to recover the legal relationship with the joint and several liability guarantee the same legal relationship of the right to recover,is not true joint and several debt;not only that,this is not true joint and several debt also exists in two different forms,the third party to fulfill all the debt is typical of the not true joint and several debt,to fulfill part of the debt is part of the not true joint and several debt.The third party debt after joining the debtor enjoys the right of recovery,neither arises from the unjust enrichment or causeless management,nor arises from the right of request for transfer,but the third party because of its debt performance behavior subrogated to obtain the creditor’s claim,the right to exercise the right of recovery to the debtor on behalf of the creditor’s position.The specific rules of the judicial interpretation of the article is basically feasible,but must be properly supplemented by the necessary rules.

关 键 词：债务加入 追偿权 典型不真正连带债务 部分不真正连带债务 代位权 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]