高熵碳化物超高温陶瓷的研究进展  

Research Progress of High-entropy Carbide Ultra-high Temperature Ceramics

作　　者：蔡飞燕 倪德伟[1,2,4] 董绍明 CAI Feiyan;NI Dewei;DONG Shaoming(State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics&Superfine Microstructure,Shanghai Institute of Ceramics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200050,China;Structural Ceramics and Composites Engineering Research Center,Shanghai Institute of Ceramics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200050,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hangzhou 310024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所,高性能陶瓷和超微结构国家重点实验室,上海200050 [2]中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所,结构陶瓷及复合材料工程研究中心,上海200050 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]国科大杭州高等研究院,杭州310024

出　　处：《无机材料学报》2024年第6期591-608,共18页Journal of Inorganic Materials

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3707700);上海市优秀学术/技术带头人计划(23XD1424300);国家自然科学基金(52332003)。

摘　　要：高速飞行技术的发展对高性能热结构材料提出了迫切需求。高熵碳化物(HECs)陶瓷作为近年来发展迅速的一类新型材料,兼具高熵陶瓷与超高温陶瓷的优良特性,在极端服役环境中具有广阔的应用前景,因此得到国内外学者的广泛关注。相比仅含有一种或两种过渡金属元素的传统超高温碳化物陶瓷,HECs综合性能有所提升,且具有更强的组成和性能可设计性,因此具备较大的发展潜力。经过对HECs的不断探索,研究人员获得了许多有趣的结果,开发了多种HECs的制备方法,对HECs的显微结构和性能的认识也更加深入。本文综述了HECs的基本理论以及从实验过程中获得的规律;对HECs粉体、HECs块体、HECs涂层及薄膜,以及纤维增强HECs基复合材料的制备方法进行了梳理和归纳;并对HECs的力学、热学等性能,尤其是与高温应用相关的抗氧化、抗烧蚀性能的研究进展进行了综述和讨论。最后,针对HECs研究中有待进一步完善的科学问题,对HECs的未来发展提出了展望。The development of high-speed flight technology has put forward an urgent demand for highperformance thermal structure materials.High-entropy carbides(HECs) ceramics are a fast-emerging family of materials that combine the excellent properties of high-entropy ceramics and ultra-high temperature ceramics.HECs have a broad application prospect in extreme service environments,which has received extensive attention from scholars in recent years.Compared with traditional ultra-high temperature carbides containing only one or two transition metal elements,HECs have a greater potential for development because of their improved comprehensive performance and greater designability of composition and properties.After successive exploration of HECs in recent years,researchers have obtained many interesting results,developed a variety of preparation methods,and gained comprehensive understanding of microstructure and properties.The basic theories and the laws on HECs obtained from experimental process are reviewed in this paper.Preparation methods of HECs including powders,blocks,coatings and films,as well as fiber-reinforced HECs-based composites are summarized.Research progress on the properties of HECs,such as the mechanical properties,thermal properties,and especially the oxidation and ablation resistance related to high-temperature applications,is reviewed and discussed.Finally,the scientific issues that need to be further explored in this area are emphasized,and the prospects are proposed.

关 键 词：高熵碳化物 超高温陶瓷 力学性能 抗氧化性能 抗烧蚀性能 综述 

分 类 号：TQ174[化学工程—陶瓷工业]