短时高温对普通大蓟马存活的影响及豇豆田防效初探  

Effects of Short-Term High Temperature on Survival of Megalurothrips usitatus(Bagnall)and Control Effect of Cowpea Field

作　　者：余怀亮 吴明月 刘铮 李瑾 林俊旭 甫秋梅 麦贤俊 刘勇 史彩华 张友军[3] 谢文[3,4] 孔祥义[2] YU Huailiang;WU Mingyue;LIU Zheng;LI Jin;LIN Junxu;FU Qiumei;MAI Xianjun;LIU Yong;SHI Caihua;ZHANG Youjun;XIE Wen;KONG Xiangyi(School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,Hainan,China;Sanya Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Sanya 572022,Hainan,China;State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding,Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya),Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanya 572024,Hainan,China;Sanya Institute,China Agricultural University,Sanya 572025,Hainan,China;Institute of Advanced Agricultural Science,Hubei University of Arts and Science,Xiangyang 441046,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口570228 [2]三亚市热带农业科学研究院,海南三亚572022 [3]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,蔬菜生物育种全国重点实验室,北京100081 [4]三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院,海南三亚572024 [5]中国农业大学三亚研究院,海南三亚572025 [6]湖北文理学院现代农业研究院,湖北襄阳441046

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2024年第6期107-114,共8页China Vegetables

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金(322MS159);海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ2021007);三亚崖州湾科技城科技专项(SCKJ-JYRC-2023-46);海南省科技人才创新项目(KJRC2023C45)。

摘　　要：目前普通大蓟马的最主要防治措施仍然是化学防治,亟需开发绿色防控技术。本研究通过室内试验(不同温度及暴露时间处理)和田间试验(豇豆苗期和抽蔓期不同揭膜时间)初步探索短时高温对普通大蓟马存活率的影响及田间防治效果。室内试验结果表明,短时高温对普通大蓟马的存活率具有显著影响,且随着温度的升高和暴露时间的延长,影响愈发明显;42℃高温处理3 h,普通大蓟马成虫和若虫均全部死亡,而44℃处理1 h可使若虫全部死亡、处理0.5 h使成虫全部死亡。田间试验结果表明,豇豆苗期和抽蔓期在11:00—12:00揭膜,对普通大蓟马成虫的防效均可达到99%以上,处理后2 d内的防治效果仍能保持在70%及以上,但12:00以后揭膜偶发烧苗现象。At present,chemical control remains the most effective means of managing Megalurothrips usitatus(Bagnall).Nonetheless,the urgency to develop environmentally friendly control techniques is paramount.In this study,the effect of short-term high temperature on the survival rate of M.usitatus and the effectiveness of field control were studied through an indoor experiment(different temperature and exposure time treatments)and a field experiment(different uncovering times at cowpea seedling and twigging stages).The results of the indoor experiment demonstrated that short-term high temperatures had a significant impact on the survival rate of M.usitatus.This impact became increasingly pronounced with increasing temperatures and prolonged exposure times.For instance,the high temperature treatment at 42℃for 3 hours resulted in the death of both adults and wipers of M.usitatus.Conversely,the treatment at 44℃for 1 hour resulted in the death of all wipers,while the treatment at 44℃for 0.5 hour resulted in the death of all adults.The results of the field experiment demonstrated that the cowpea seedling and twigging period revealed the film at 11:00-12:00,the control effect on adult M.usitatus reached a level exceeding 99%.Additionally,the control effect could be maintained at 70%and above for 2 days after the treatment.However,the uncovering of the film after 12:00 occasionally led to the phenomenon of seedling burning.

关 键 词：普通大蓟马 豇豆 高温 绿色防控 

分 类 号：S436.43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]