不同密度单粒精播对花生开花动态及结实特性的影响  

Effect of different densities of single-seed sowing on flowering dynamics and fruiting characteristics of peanut

作　　者：梁晓艳[1,2] 付娆[1] 李佳佳 衣葵花 唐朝辉[3] 郭峰[3] 王建国[3] 张佳蕾[3] 万书波[3] LIANG Xiao-yan;FU Rao;LI Jia-jia;YI Kui-hua;TANG Chao-hui;GUO Feng;WANG Jian-guo;ZHANG Jia-lei;WAN Shuo-bo(Shandong Institute of Sericulture/Shandong Engineering Research Center of Functional Crop Germplasm Innovation and Cultivation Utilization,Yantai 264002,China;Yellow River Delta Modern Agriculture Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dongying 257091,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省蚕业研究所/功能作物种质创新与栽培利用山东省工程研究中心,山东烟台264002 [2]山东省农业科学院黄河三角洲现代农业研究院,山东东营257091 [3]山东省农业科学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第3期450-459,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1000105);国家自然科学基金(32201917);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022QC124,ZR2021QD157);泰山学者工程(tsqn202211275,tspd20221107)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同密度单粒精播对花生开花动态及结实特性的影响,以普通大花生品种花育25为材料,在行距相同的条件下设置4个处理,包括单粒播分别为株距9 cm、12 cm和15 cm,折合播种密度分别为27.8万株·hm^(-2)(S9)、20.8万株·hm^(-2)(S12)和16.7万株hm-2(S15)3个处理,和双粒播27.8万株·hm^(-2)(D18,穴距18 cm)1个处理,研究不同密度单粒精播对花生开花习性、果针形成、荚果发育动态、结实范围及产量的影响。结果表明,与双粒播相比,不同密度单粒播均可不同程度地促进花生早开花、多开花,增加有效果针数,促进荚果发育,低密度条件下,效果最为显著;从群体指标看,20.8万株·hm^(-2)的单粒精播模式下,花生开花数、有效果针数、结果数最多,荚果体积最大,荚果饱满度高,产量水平最高。不同密度单粒精播改变了花生的结实范围和荚果空间分布,密度降低,结实范围增加,但不同处理荚果干重(95%以上)仍主要分布在半径6.0 cm以内的空间范围内,密度20.8万株·hm^(-2)(株距12.0 cm)的单粒精播条件下,结实范围与半株距接近,更有利于群体间荚果的均匀分布。To improve peanut yield,density effect of single-seed sowing was explored on flowering dynamics and fruiting characteristics.A common large peanut variety Huayu 25 was used as material,4 treatments of singleseed sowing of 278000 plants·hm^(-2)(S9,plant spacing 9 cm),208000 plants·hm^(-2)(S12,plant spacing 12 cm),167000 plants·hm^(-2)(S15,plant spacing 15 cm)and double-seed sowing of 278000 plants·hm^(-2)(D18,plant spacing 18 cm)were set under the same row spacing.Differences were investigated on flowering habits,needle formation,pod development dynamics,pod setting range and yield of peanut.Results showed that different densities of single-seed sowing could all promote peanut early flowering,with more flowerings.They increased the number of effective needles and promoted pod development to different degrees.The effect was most obvious under low density conditions.From the perspective of population indicators,under single-seed precision sowing mode of 208000 plants·hm^(-2),peanuts have the highest number of flowerings,effective needles,and pods,the largest pod volume,pod fullness,and the highest yield level.Different densities of single-seed sowing changed pod setting range and pod spatial distribution of peanuts.The pod setting range increased with the decrease of density.However,most of the pods(more than 95%)in each treatment were still distributed within the spatial range of 6.0 cm radius.Under single-seed sowing of 208000 plants·hm^(-2)(plant spacing 12.0 cm),the pod setting range was close to half of plant spacing which was more conducive to uniform distribution of pod among populations.

关 键 词：花生 单粒精播 密度 开花动态 结实特性 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]