垄上交错种植密度对花生群体生长及产量的影响  

Effect of cross planting density on peanut population growth and yield

作　　者：孙日丹 赫思聪 李美君 赵跃 吕永超[1] 张志民[1] 陈小姝[1] 高华援[1] 李春雨[1] 夏雨宏 杨丹 SUN Ri-dan;HE Si-cong;LI Mei-jun;ZHAO Yue;LYU Yong-chao;ZHANG Zhi-min;CHEN Xiao-shu;GAO Hua-yuan;LI Chun-yu;XIA Yu-hong;YANG Dan(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130000,China;Comprehensive Service Center of Qiangang Township,Nongan County,Changchun 130208,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院,吉林长春130000 [2]吉林省长春市农安县前岗乡综合服务中心,吉林长春130208

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第3期489-497,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划—中青年科技创新创业卓越人才(团队)项目(创新类)(20220508117RC);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-13)。

摘　　要：为构建高产花生群体模式,根据花生品种类型调整垄上交错单粒种植模式下的合理种植密度。以半匍匐型花生品种扶余四粒红和直立型花生品种吉花17为材料,研究垄上交错单粒种植密度对花生植株性状、群体结构变化及产量的影响。共设置6个种植密度M1(23.85万株/hm^(2))、M2(20.84万株/hm^(2))、M3(18.52万株/hm^(2))、M4(16.66万株/hm^(2))、M5(13.89万株/hm^(2))、M6(11.91万株/hm^(2)),以双粒播种(23.85万株/hm^(2))为对照(CK)。对不同种植密度下各花生品种的植株性状、SPAD值、单株干物质积累量及产量性状等进行测定。随着种植密度的降低,两品种主茎高和侧枝长逐渐增高,半匍匐型花生品种四粒红在M6密度下的主茎高和侧枝长最高,直立型花生品种吉花17会随着种植密度的降低而先增加后降低的趋势,在M5密度下的主茎高和侧枝长最高。随着种植密度的降低,两品种在结荚期和成熟期的SPAD值呈先下降后上升的趋势。四粒红成熟期M4、M5、M6处理的地上和地下单株干物质积累量均显著高于CK。吉花17在生育后期M4处理下的地上和地下单株干物质积累量较CK有显著提升,成熟期分别较对照提高了155.35%、23.31%。此外,随着密度的降低,四粒红的产量呈先上升后下降的趋势,单株饱果数、百果质量和单株荚果产量均呈上升后下降的趋势,千克果数各密度处理低于CK;吉花17的产量整体上呈下降的趋势,单株饱果数、单株荚果产量均呈上升趋势,千克果数各处理均小于CK。垄上交错+单粒播种种植模式相对于双粒种植模式可以增加花生株高、SPAD值、干物质积累量,同时提高了产量。应用垄上交错种植时,应根据花生品种类型选择适宜的播种密度,半匍匐型花生品种以M4密度最佳,直立型花生品种以M2密度最佳。In order to establish a high-yield model with reasonable planting density under cross planting mode,the effects of planting density on agronomic characteristics,group structure changes and yield were studied with semi-trailing type peanut variety Fuyu Silihong and erect type Jihua 17 as materials.Planting densities were set in 6 modes,M1(2.385×10^(5) plants/hm^(2)),M2(2.084×10^(5) plants/hm^(2)),M3(1.852×10^(5) plants/hm^(2)),M4(1.666×10^(5)plants/hm^(2)),M5(1.389×10^(5) plants/hm^(2)),M6(1.191×10^(5)plants/hm^(2)).Double grain seeding(2.385×10^(5)plants/hm^(2))was used as control(CK).Plant traits,SPAD,dry matter accumulation and yield traits of individual peanut varieties under different planting density were measured.With the decrease of planting density,the main stem height and side branch length of the two varieties gradually increased.The semi-trailing peanut variety Silihong had the highest main stem height and side branch length under M6 density.The erect peanut variety Jihua 17 increased first and then decreased with planting density,and the main stem height and side branch length were the highest under M5 density.With the decrease of planting density,the SPAD values of the two varieties in pod setting stage and harvest stage tended to decline first and then rise.The accumulation of dry matter of single plants(aboveground and underground)of M4,M5 and M6 during the harvest stage of Silihong were significantly higher than that of CK,that of Jihua 17 at M4 had increased significantly compared with CK,had increased by 155.35%and 23.31%respectively compared with control in harvest.In addition,with the decrease of density,Silihong yield increased first and then decreased,pods per plant,100-pod weight and pod yield per plant were all on the rise and then declined,and kilogram pods count was lower than that of CK.The yield of Jihua 17 was decreased,number of pods per plant and pod yield per plant showed an upward trend,and kilogram pods count was less than CK.In summary,cross plant+single-seed planting mod

关 键 词：花生 垄上交错单粒种植模式 单粒精播 种植密度 直立型 半匍匐型 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]