玉米根系分泌物改变酚酸类物质对花生种子发芽及病原菌的化感作用  

Maize root exudates change allelopathy effects of phenolic acids on peanut seed germination and pathogenic bacteria

作　　者：赵忆南 李庆凯 刘苹[2] 郭峰[4] 唐朝辉[4] 赵自超 万书波[4] 张正[4] 李宗新[4] ZHAO Yi-nan;LI Qing-kai;LIU Ping;GUO Feng;TANG Zhao-hui;ZHAO Zi-chao;WAN Shu-bo;ZHANG Zheng;LI Zong-xin(College of Agriculture Ludong University,Yantai 264004,China;State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management,Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学农学院,山东烟台264004 [2]养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室,农业农村部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室,山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东济南250100 [3]山东农业工程学院,山东济南250100 [4]山东省农业科学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第3期544-553,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32272227);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900903);泰山学者工程(tstp20231236);山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划(2022KJ245);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2023C01)。

摘　　要：为进一步探索玉米花生间作缓解花生连作障碍的机理,通过收集玉米根系分泌物,外源添加到酚酸类化感物质处理的花生种子及病原菌培养基中的方法,研究玉米根系分泌物对3种酚酸类化感物质及其混合物化感作用的影响。结果表明,2种浓度(0.75 mmol/L和1.5 mmol/L)的肉桂酸、邻苯二甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸及其混合物,对花生胚芽生长和根腐镰孢菌及炭疽菌2种病原菌起化感抑制作用。玉米根系分泌物对花生种子发芽起促进作用,对花生根腐镰孢菌和炭疽菌主要起抑制作用。添加玉米根系分泌物后,减轻了3种酚酸类化感物质及其混合物对花生种子发芽的化感抑制作用,低浓度处理下化感指数降低了60.10%~88.11%;增强了其对根腐镰孢菌的化感抑制作用,高浓度处理下化感指数增加了28.00%~46.55%;改变了对羟基苯甲酸和3种酚酸类化感物质混合物对炭疽菌的化感效应方向,由促进作用转变为抑制作用。玉米根系分泌物可以减轻花生连作障碍中自毒酚酸物质对种子萌发的化感抑制作用、增强其对土壤中病原菌的化感抑制作用,为玉米花生间作缓解花生连作障碍提供了依据,有利于粮油作物综合产能的协同提升。In order to further explore the mechanism of peanut continuous cropping obstacle alleviated by maize-peanut intercropping,the effects of maize root exudates on the allelopathy of 3 phenolic acid allelochemicals and their mixtures were studied by the method of collecting maize root exudates and adding them to the medium of peanut seeds and pathogenic bacteria treated with phenolic acids.The results showed that two concentrations(0.75 mmol/L,1.5 mmol/L)of cinnamic acid,phthalic acid,p-hydroxybenzoic acid and their mixtures mainly had allelopathic inhibitory effects on the growth of peanut embryo and two pathogenic bacteria Fusarium oxysporum and Colle⁃totrichum dematium,namely.Maize root exudates promoted the germination of peanut seeds,and mainly inhibited the germination of Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum dematium.After adding maize root exudates,the allelopathic inhibiting effects of 3 phenolic acids and their mixtures on peanut seed germination were alleviated and the allelopathy indices were reduced by 60.10%-88.11%under low concentration treatment.Their allelopathic inhibiting effects on Fusarium oxysporum were strengthened and the allelopathy indicies were increased by 28.00%-46.55%under high concentration treatment.The direction of allelopathic effect of p-hydroxybenzoic and the mixture of 3 acid phenolic acids on Colletotrichum dematium was changed from promoting effect to inhibiting effect.Maize root exudates could reduce the allelopathic inhibiting effect of autotoxic phenolic acids in peanut continuous cropping obstacle on seed germination and enhance their inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria in soil,which might provide theoretical basis for maize and peanut intercropping to alleviate peanut continuous cropping obstacle and is conducive to the coordinated improvement of the comprehensive production capacity of grain and oil crops.

关 键 词：玉米根系分泌物 酚酸类物质 化感作用 病原菌 花生连作障碍 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]