小麦-玉米Ⅱ花生周年轮作对土壤理化性状和有机碳的影响  

Effects of annual wheat-maize||peanut rotation on soil physicochemical properties and organic carbon

作　　者：张思培 伊淼 王建国[1] 杨莎[1] 彭振英[1] 崔利 张正[1] 郭峰[1] 张佳蕾[1] 万书波[1] ZHANG Si-pei;YI Miao;WANG Jian-guo;YANG Sha;PENG Zhen-ying;CUI Li;ZHANG Zheng;GUO Feng;ZHANG Jia-lei;WAN Shu-bo(Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;College of Life Sciences,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,China;Wenshang County No.1 Middle School,Jining 272500,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院,山东济南250100 [2]山东师范大学生命科学学院,山东济南250358 [3]汶上县第一中学,山东济宁272500

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第3期554-564,共11页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13);山东省重点研发计划项目(2022CXPT031,2023TZXD012);泰山学者工程(tsqn202211275,tspd20221107)。

摘　　要：为探究小麦-玉米Ⅱ花生周年轮作模式对植株碳积累量、土壤理化性质、土壤有机碳储量的影响,通过大田试验研究了周年植株碳积累、土壤容重、土壤团聚体、0~100 cm土壤含水量、土壤有机碳变化特征。设置5种种植方式,小麦-单作花生(W-P)、小麦-单作玉米(W-M)、小麦-玉米Ⅱ花生(行比3∶4,W-MⅡP1)、小麦-玉米Ⅱ花生(行比3∶6,W-MⅡP2)、小麦-玉米Ⅱ花生(行比6∶8,W-MⅡP3)。结果表明:间作模式下,2018-2019年花生、玉米植株碳积累显著低于单作处理,但间作模式的碳当量比均大于1,其中以MⅡP2处理最大。与玉米茬小麦(W-M)相比,间作茬(W-MⅡP)、花生茬(W-P)小麦植株碳累积量增加了487.09~1148.08 kg/hm^(2)。间作茬口降低冬小麦季0~10 cm土层土壤容重,提高冬小麦季深层土壤小颗粒团聚体(0.25~2 mm)和冬小麦季表层土壤微团聚体(<0.25 mm)的比例。三种间作模式中,MⅡP2水分利用效率显著高于MⅡP1和MⅡP3,分别提高3.22%、8.29%。间作茬口增加冬小麦季0~60 cm土层中各粒级团聚体有机碳含量,同时增加小麦茬0~60 cm土层的土壤有机碳含量和储量,其中W-MⅡP2的有机碳储量与W-M和W-P相比分别增加2.55%和4.05%。总之,小麦-玉米Ⅱ花生周年轮作模式降低了表层土壤容重,改善了深层土壤小团聚体和表层微团聚体结构,提高了作物植株碳积累量和水分利用效率,增加了0~60 cm土层土壤有机碳储量。To better understand rotation effects of annual wheat-maize||peanut pattern on carbon accumulation,field experiments were conducted to investigate the changes of annual plant carbon accumulation,soil bulk density,soil aggregate,0-100 cm soil water content and soil organic carbon.Five patterns were set up,namely,wheat-peanut rotation(W-P),wheat-maize rotation(W-M),wheat-maize||peanut(row ratio 3:4,W-M||P1),wheatmaize||peanut(row ratio 3:6,W-M||P2),wheat-maize||peanut(row ratio 6:8,W-M||P3).Results showed that carbon accumulation of peanut and corn in intercropping mode was significantly lower than those in monoculture mode in 2018-2019,but the carbon-land equivalent ratio of intercropping mode was greater than 1,and M||P2 treatment was the largest.Compared with maize(W-M),the carbon accumulation of wheat(W-M||P)and peanut(W-P)in intercropping increased by 487.09 kg/hm^(2)to 1148.08 kg/hm^(2).Intercropping decreased the bulk density of 0-10 cm soil layer in winter wheat season,and increased the proportion of small particle aggregates(0.25-2 mm)in deep soil of winter wheat season and micro-aggregates(<0.25mm)in surface soil of winter wheat season.In the 3 intercropping modes,the water use efficiency of M||P2 was significantly higher than those of M||P1 and M||P3,increasing by 3.22%and 8.29%,respectively.Intercropping increased the organic carbon content of aggregates in 0-60 cm soil layer of winter wheat season,and increased the soil organic carbon content and storage in 0-60 cm soil layer of wheat stubble.The organic carbon storage of W-M||P2 increased by 2.55%and 4.05%compared with W-M and WP,respectively.In conclusion,the wheat-maize||peanut annual rotation model reduced the bulk density of surface soil,improved the structure of deep soil small aggregates and surface micro-aggregates,increased carbon accumulation and water use efficiency of crop plants,and increased soil organic carbon storage in 0-60 cm soil layer.

关 键 词：小麦-玉米Ⅱ花生 土壤理化性质 碳积累 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]