施钼对花生氮代谢关键酶活性、氮素利用及产量的影响  

Effects of molybdenum application on key enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism,nitrogen utilization and yield in peanut

作　　者：索炎炎[1] 张翔[1] 司贤宗[1] 李亮[1] 吴士文 徐凤丹 程培军 李倩 闫萌 SUO Yan-yan;ZHANG Xiang;SI Xian-zong;LI Liang;WU Shi-wen;XU Feng-dan;CHENG Pei-jun;LI Qian;YAN Meng(Institute of Plant Nutrient,Resources and Environment,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;College of Surveying and Geo-informatics,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]华北水利水电大学测绘与地理信息学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第3期595-603,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13-养分管理);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(42107349);河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金(2022YQ07);河南省农业科学院创新团队(2024TD10);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2024ZC049);河南省现代农业花生产业技术体系(HARS-22-05-G2)。

摘　　要：为分析施钼对花生氮代谢关键酶活性、氮素利用及产量的影响,采用盆栽和田间试验相结合的方式,设不施钼(0)、施钼(0.2 mg·kg^(-1))2个水平,研究了增施钼肥对花生关键生育时期氮代谢相关酶活性、植株氮素积累量、氮素利用率和产量的影响。盆栽试验和田间试验结果表明,与不施钼相比,增施钼肥显著提高了结荚期和成熟期花生根和叶片中硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合成酶活性,显著增加了花生根系、地上部和荚果中氮素积累和荚果产量,其中,盆栽试验和田间试验两生育期氮素吸收效率分别平均提高47.79%和21.65%,氮素利用率分别平均提高10.58%和13.56%,花生分别显著增产38.20%和25.81%。可见,增施钼肥可显著提高花生根系和叶片氮素代谢相关酶活性,显著提高花生氮素积累量、氮素吸收利用效率和产量。增施钼肥是提高花生产量和氮利用率的有效措施。To clarify the effect of molybdenum application on nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities and nitrogen utilization in peanut,both pot and field experiments were carried out to investigate peanut enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism,nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen use efficiency and yield in the key periods were investigated.Two molybdenum levels were used including control(0,no molybdenum)and molybdenum application(0.2 mg·kg^(-1)).Results of both pot and field experiments revealed that,compared with control,molybdenum application significantly improved activities of nitrate reductase,nitrite reductase,glutamine synthetase,and glutamate synthetase in root and leaves at pod setting and maturing stage of peanut.The molybdenum application significantly increased nitrogen accumulation in root,shoots and pods,nitrogen uptake and use efficiency and pod yield.The nitrogen uptake efficiency in 2 growth periods of pod and field experiments was increased on average by 47.79%and 21.65%,and nitrogen use efficiency was increased on average by 10.58%and 13.56%,respectively.The peanut pod yield increased by 38.20%and 25.81%,respectively,under the increased molybdenum application compared with control.Consequently,molybdenum fertilizer could significantly improve enzyme activities related to nitrogen metabolism in peanut roots and leaves,and thus significantly improve the nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency and yield of peanut.Application molybdenum fertilizer might be an effective measure to improve peanut yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

关 键 词：花生 增施钼肥 氮代谢酶活性 氮素利用 产量 

分 类 号：S143.72[农业科学—肥料学] S565.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]