不同生态区气象因子对花生产量相关性状的影响  

Effects of meteorological factors in different ecoregions on yield-related traits of peanut production

作　　者：张玉松 何柳 张云云[1] 何晓莹[1] 刘亚俊 刘珏[4] 苏世强 陈晓艳 陆建美 普兴林 原小燕[1] ZHANG Yu-song;HE Liu;ZHANG Yun-yun;HE Xiao-ying;LIU Ya-jun;LIU Jue;SU Shi-qiang;CHEN Xiao-yan;LU Jian-mei;PU Xing-lin;YUAN Xiao-yan(Industrial Crops Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Col-lege of Agronomy,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Lin-cang,Lincang 677000,China;Dehong Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Mangshi 678400,China;Yanjin County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Zhaotong 657500,China;Dali Institute of Agricultur-al Sciences,Dali 671600,China;Agricultural Technology Center of Yanshan County,Wenshan 663100,China;Dongchuan District Cash Crop Technology Extension Station,Kunming 654100,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]云南大学农学院,云南昆明650500 [3]临沧市农业技术推广中心,云南临沧677000 [4]德宏州农业技术推广中心,云南芒市678400 [5]盐津县农业技术推广中心,云南昭通657500 [6]大理州农业科学研究院,云南大理671600 [7]云南省砚山县农业技术中心,云南文山663100 [8]东川区经济作物技术推广站,云南昆明654100

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第3期676-686,共11页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业花生产业技术体系(CARS-13);云南省专家基层科研工作站;云南省重点研发计划项目(202102AE090002)。

摘　　要：分析气象因子对花生生长及产量的影响,探讨栽培生境与花生产量形成的关系,旨在为花生生产布局和高产栽培提供参考依据。以9个花生品种为材料,在云南7个不同生态区连续种植2年,采用方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析等方法,分析气象因子对花生农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明:德宏、大理、东川、临沧和盐津的温度和积温较高,花生结果数多,出仁率和产量较高,是种植花生的适宜区域。方差分析发现花生的生长发育和产量受基因型和环境因素的共同影响,较高的气温和积温有利于缩短花生结荚期进而缩短全生育期天数。通径分析表明产量构成因素中以百果重对产量的影响最大,气象因素中以积温的影响最大。温度越高地上部越高大,单株果数和饱果数越多,百果重和百仁重也就越高,从而增加花生产量。光照时间过长和昼夜温差过大不利于地上部生长和分枝结实。For well production layout and high-yield of peanut,meteorological effects were investigated.For exploring the correlation between cultivation habitat and peanut yield,9 peanuts(Arachis spp.)were planted in 7 different ecological regions of Yunnan for 2 years.The effects of meteorological factors on peanut agronomic traits and yield were analyzed by ANOVA,correlation analysis and path analysis.Results showed that temperature and accumulated temperature,peanut number of fruiting,shelling percentage and yield from Dehong,Binchuan,Dongchuan,Lincang and Yanjin were higher,which could be desirable areas for planting peanuts.Variance analysis results showed that growth and yield were affected by genotype and environmental factors.Higher temperature and accumulated temperature were conducive to shortening the podding stage,and then shortening the whole growth period.The higher the temperature,the higher the aboveground part,the higher the number of fruits per plant and the number of full fruits,and at the same time increased 100-fruit weight and 100-kernel weight,thereby increased the yield.But the long light time and the large temperature difference between day and night were not conducive to the growth and shoot branching.

关 键 词：花生 生态区 气象因子 农艺性状 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]