论达累斯萨拉姆历史学派的思想嬗变与学术争议  

The Dar es Salaam School of Historiography:The Evolution of Thought and Scholarly Debates

作　　者：曹峰毓 王文旗 Cao Fengyu;Wang Wenqi

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所,710127

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2024年第3期115-129,159,160,共17页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“非洲民族主义史学的衰落与转型研究”(项目编号:2023M732839)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：达累斯萨拉姆学派是非洲史学的重要流派。20世纪60年代,在特伦斯·兰杰等学者的努力下,达累斯萨拉姆学派正式建立。通过深化非洲民族主义史学的基本思想和拓展其方法论,以及建立历史人才培养体系,达累斯萨拉姆学派极大推动了非洲史学的发展。20世纪70年代,其指导思想逐渐转向依附论与马克思主义,并对民族主义史学的基本思想展开激烈批判。20世纪80年代末,该学派进入了新阶段,在史学思想与方法论方面进一步突破,关注议题显著增加,学术交流平台也日趋完善。虽然该学派为非洲史学的发展做出了巨大贡献,但也饱受批评,如对意识形态的过度关注、缺少原创性指导思想和学术思想未能充分指导实践等。达累斯萨拉姆学派是非洲史学的缩影,如何在全球化时代下实现非洲史学的复兴已成为非洲各界值得深入思考的历史命题。The Dar es Salam School is an important faction of thought within African historiography.It was officially established in the 196Os through the efforts of scholars like Terence Ranger.This school has greatly promoted the development of African historiography by deepening the fundamental ideas of African nationalist historiography,further expanding its methodology,and establishing a system for training historical talents.By the 1970s,its guiding ideology gradually shifted towards dependency theory and Marxism,and its members launched the intense criticism of nationalist historiography.This school entered a new phase of development by the late 1980s,making further breakingthroughs in historical thought and methodology.The range of topics it addressed significantly expanded,and academic exchange platforms improved.While this school has made great contributions to the development of African historiography,it has also been widely controversial,mainly due to its excessive focus on ideology,lack of original guiding ideas and its failure to fully guide historical practice with academic ideas.The Dar es Salaam School is a microcosm of African historiography.How to realize the revival of African historiography in the era of globalization has become a historical issue that deserves attention from all walks of life in Africa.

关 键 词：达累斯萨拉姆学派 非洲史学 民族主义史学 马克思主义史学 坦桑尼亚 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]