温度和湿度对乙二醛聚合物加固饱水梓木文物性能和微观结构的影响  

Effects of temperature and humidity on the properties and microstructureof glyoxal polymer-reinforced waterlogged Catalpa wood cultural relics

作　　者：吴涛[1] 周和荣[1] 王珂[1] 魏彦飞 方北松 赵阳 WU Tao;ZHOU Herong;WANG Ke;WEI Yanfei;FANG Beisong;ZHAO Yang(State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy(Wuhan University of Science and Technology),Wuhan 430081,China;Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Lanzhou 730030,China;Jingzhou Cultural Relics Conservation Center,Jingzhou 434000,China)

机构地区：[1]省部共建耐火材料与冶金国家重点实验室(武汉科技大学),湖北武汉430081 [2]甘肃省文物考古研究所,甘肃兰州730030 [3]荆州文物保护中心,湖北荆州434000

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2024年第3期9-18,共10页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1520400)资助。

摘　　要：乙二醛聚合物加固饱水梓木文物在自然环境或者博物馆存放时,受环境因素如温度和湿度的影响会导致文物发生劣化。本研究采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等方法研究了乙二醛聚合物脱水加固饱水梓木试样在不同温度和湿度环境中性能与微观结构变化。结果显示,饱水梓木文物材料经乙二醛聚合物脱水加固后,乙二醛聚合物与梓木细胞壁结合紧密,部分填充于梓木细胞内加固梓木细胞壁。试样在25℃和50%RH环境中试验30 d其结构和性能无明显变化。在60℃和50%RH环境中试验30 d,试样内部的乙二醛聚合物逐渐均匀附着于细胞壁且表面平滑,试样横截面断口平整;但试样表面的乙二醛聚合物逐渐消失,暴露出木材本体。在25℃和95%RH环境中乙二醛聚合物吸湿性明显增强,其与水的结合能力高于梓木细胞壁,乙二醛聚合物与细胞壁之间的结合被破坏,失去加固效果,但仍填充于细胞中。最后分析了温湿度对乙二醛聚合物加固饱水梓木性能与结构的影响机制,并提出了试样在吸湿和脱水过程中乙二醛聚合物与梓木细胞壁的结构变化模型。When glyoxal polymer-reinforced Catalpa wood cultural relics are stored in the natural environment or museums,environmental factors such as temperature and humidity can lead to their deterioration.In our study,Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FTIR)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were used to study the properties and microstructure changes of waterlogged Catalpa wood samples reinforced with the glyoxal polymer in environments with different temperature and humidity.The results show that after dehydration and reinforcement of waterlogged Catalpa wood cultural relics,the glyoxal polymer was closely combined with the Catalpa wood cell wall,and part of it was filled in wood cells to strengthen the cell wall.The structure and properties of the samples have no obvious change after being tested at 25℃and 50%RH for 30 days.After being tested at 60℃and 50%RH for 30 days,the glyoxal polymer in the samples gradually and evenly adhered to the cell wall and the surface was smooth,and the cross-sectional fracture of the sample was flat.However,the glyoxal polymer on the sample surface gradually disappeared,exposing the wood body.At 25℃and 95%RH,the hygroscopicity of glyoxal polymer was significantly enhanced,and its binding capacity with water was higher than that of the Catalpa wood cell wall.The binding between glyoxal polymer and cell wall was destroyed,and the reinforcement effect was lost,although it was still filled in the cells.Finally,the mechanisms of the influences of temperature and humidity on the properties and structure of glyoxal polymer-reinforced waterlogged Catalpa wood samples were analyzed,and a structural change model of the glyoxal polymer and Catalpa wood cell wall during moisture absorption and dehydration was proposed.

关 键 词：饱水梓木文物 乙二醛聚合物 温度 湿度 SEM 

分 类 号：K854.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K876.6[历史地理—历史学]