“紫檀木边点翠金质山水图围屏”屏心的研究与修复  

Study and restoration of the center of a folding screen collected in the Palace Museum

作　　者：展菲 孔艳菊[1] 刘瀚文 段佩全 张毅 田野冬雪 ZHAN Fei;KONG Yanju;LIU Hanwen;DUAN Peiquan;ZHANG Yi;TIAN Yedongxue(The Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院,北京100009

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2024年第3期109-118,共10页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：为了解故宫博物院藏文物“紫檀木边点翠金质山水图围屏”屏心的制作工艺,使用X射线荧光光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪、红外光谱仪及数码显微镜对文物进行检测,明确了屏风所用材质:满铺“卍”字纹点翠为基底,大面积山体使用纯金打造,细节装饰配件则用金银合金、金银铜合金和银等金属材料制成,金质嵌件用金属丝拴结的方式与点翠基底相连接。笔者以科学技术分析为依托,确定了屏风的制作工艺为:制作木板底纹—点翠—制作金属嵌件—金属部件组装固定。针对点翠脱落严重、灰尘堆积严重、金属部件脱落、点翠基底开裂等伤况,对文物进行了点翠加固、除尘、金属部件加固、基底修复四个步骤完成修复。此修复研究为了解清代宫廷大型屏风的制作工艺提供了实践依据,并为后期同类文物的修复提供经验支持。In order to study the production process of the screen center of the cultural relic Red Sandalwood Edged Kingfisher Crafts Gold Landscape Picture Folding Screen collected in the Palace Museum,we used X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,Raman spectrometry,infrared spectrometry and digital microscopy for testing.We also confirmed the materials used for the folding screen:edged kingfisher crafts with many“卍”patterns as the base,mountains with a large area made of pure gold,detailed decorative accessories made of gold-silver alloy,gold-silver-copper alloy and silver,and gold inserts connected with the base using metal wires.Based on the scientific and technological analyses,we determined the production process of the screen as follows:1)making the wood panel base pattern;2)making the edged kingfisher crafts;3)making the metal inserts;4)assembling and fixing the metal parts.In view of the serious peeling off of the edged kingfisher crafts,serious dust accumulation,peeling off of the metal parts,and cracking of the base,the restoration was completed in four steps:reinforcement of the edged kingfisher crafts,dust cleaning,reinforcement of the metal parts,and repair of the base.This study of restoration provides a practical basis for understanding the production process of large screens in the palace of the Qing Dynasty,as well as experience to support the restoration of similar cultural relics in the future.

关 键 词：围屏 清代 故宫 科技检测 保护修复 

分 类 号：K876.9[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]