19世纪中国外销油画的白色颜料研究——以《上海外滩》油画为例  

A study of white pigments of 19th-century export oil paintings from China:taking the oil painting of Shanghai Bund as an example

作　　者：王斌 余辉 WANG Bin;YU Hui(School of Conservation and Restoration,Shanghai Institute of Visual Arts,Shanghai 201620,China;Institute for Preservation and Conservation of Chinese Ancient Books,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]上海视觉艺术学院文物保护与修复学院,上海201620 [2]复旦大学中华古籍保护研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2024年第3期119-126,共8页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：外销油画(export oil painting)作为中国早期油画遗存,不仅呈现了中国南方沿岸城市的地理风貌和风土民俗,而且蕴藏着中国早期本土油画的制作技艺。本研究采用X射线荧光光谱、扫描电子显微镜-能谱,并结合傅里叶变换显微红外光谱和拉曼光谱调查了一幅19世纪中国外销油画《上海外滩》中所用白色颜料的种类及其使用方法。研究结果表明:该幅清代油画画作底子所使用的白色颜料主要为白垩(CaCO_(3))和石英(SiO_(2));在颜料层中发现含锌颜料与油性媒介发生化学反应的产物羧酸锌(金属皂)。本研究为中国早期外销油画的材料与技法研究及修复保护提供了参考依据。Export oil paintings,as a kind of early oil painting relics of China,not only depict the geographical landscapes and local customs of coastal cities in southern China,but also embody the techniques for making early local oil paintings in China.In this study,we used X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy-energy spectrometry,in combination with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and Raman spectrometry,to investigate the types and usages of white pigments used in Shanghai Bund,a 19th-century export oil painting from China.The results show that the white pigments used in the ground of this Qing Dynasty oil painting were mainly chalk(CaCO_(3))and quartz(SiO_(2)),and that zinc carboxylate(metallic soap)—a reaction product of zinc-based pigments and oil media—was found in the paint layer.This study provides a reference basis for the research on materials and techniques and restoration and conservation of early export oil paintings from China.

关 键 词：19世纪 外销油画 材料与技法 底子 颜料层 金属皂 

分 类 号：K879[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] J223[历史地理—历史学]