缅甸蒲甘佛塔表面灰浆成分研究——以苏拉牟尼佛塔为例  

Research on the composition of mortar on the surface of Sulamani Pahtoin Bagan, Myanmar

作　　者：周萍 董少华 张秉坚[5] 党小娟 杨璐[6] ZHOU Ping;DONG Shaohua;ZHANG Bingjian;DANG Xiaojuan;YANG Lu(Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum,Xi’an 710600,China;Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Polychrome Pottery Conservation(Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum),National Cultural Heritage Administration,Xi’an 710600,China;Shaanxi Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage,Xi’an 710075,China;Key Scientific Research Base for Conservation of Stone and Brick Materials(Shaanxi Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage),National Cultural Heritage Administration,Xi’an 710075,China;Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028,China;Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]秦始皇帝陵博物院,陕西西安710600 [2]陶质彩绘文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地(秦始皇帝陵博物院),陕西西安710600 [3]陕西省文物保护研究院,陕西西安710075 [4]砖石质文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地(陕西省文物保护研究院),陕西西安710075 [5]浙江大学,浙江杭州310028 [6]西北大学,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2024年第3期127-135,共9页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：本研究以缅甸蒲甘苏拉牟尼佛塔为研究对象,使用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、X射线衍射仪和显微红外光谱仪等科学仪器,对佛塔后期修复灰浆、外墙灰浆和壁画地仗的主要组成成分进行了深入研究。通过有机添加物、钙含量和泥沙质量比试验,详细探究了灰浆的制作工艺。结合试验结果和当地走访调查,揭示了缅甸蒲甘灰塑的传统工艺和材料。研究结果显示,苏拉牟尼佛塔灰浆主要由石灰、砂砾和泥组成,同时含有淀粉和蛋白质等有机添加剂。缅甸蒲甘地区的佛塔灰浆与我国传统的复合灰浆在制作工艺上存在相似之处,但也呈现明显区别。通过对灰浆制作工艺和材料的研究,有助于理解缅甸文化的独特之处,促进跨文化交流,并为佛塔的修复和技术研究提供重要参考资料。In our research,several methods,including optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,energy spectrometry,X-ray diffractometry and micro-infrared spectrometry,were used to study the main components of post-restoration stupa mortar,exterior wall mortar and mural groundwork of Sulamani Pahto in Bagan,Myanmar.Through the tests of organic additives,calcium content and sediment mass ratio,we obtained an in-depth understanding of the mortar production process.Based on the test results and local visits,the traditional process and materials for molding in Bagan,Myanmar were revealed.The results show that the mortar used for Sulamani Pahto was mainly composed of lime,gravel and mud,and also contained organic additives such as starch and protein.The stupa mortar in Bagan region of Myanmar has similarities with the traditional composite mortar in China,but there are also obvious differences.Research on the production process and materials for the mortar is conducive to a better understanding of the uniqueness of Burmese culture.Such studies promote cultural exchanges between the two countries,and could provide important reference materials for the restoration and technical research on stupas as well.

关 键 词：蒲甘 苏拉牟尼佛塔 灰浆 

分 类 号：K878.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]