水电站水力过渡过程研究  

Study on Hydraulic Transient Process of Hydropower Station

作　　者：洪振国 潘忠华 李建伟 HONG Zhenguo;PAN Zhonghua;LI Jianwei(Yunnan Institute of Water&Hydropower Engineering Investigation,Design and Research,Kunming 650021,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省水利水电勘测设计研究院,昆明650021

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第7期164-173,共10页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC300205-06);云南省创新团队建设专项(2018HC024)。

摘　　要：为确保水电站安全运行,开展水电站水力过渡过程计算分析至关重要.采用特征线法建立水力瞬变模型,分析了有压引水系统水压、调压井水位、导叶开度、机组转速的水力过渡过程.研究结果表明:(1) 3台机组同时在甩负荷条件下,机组飞逸转速升高率最大为0.40,蜗壳水压升高率最大为0.28;机组最大飞逸转速发生在水库死水位工况,蜗壳最大水头为99.5 m,调压井最高水位为1 116.3 m,发生在水库校核洪水位.(2) 3台机组同时从空载增至满负荷,蜗壳水压降低率大于-0.19,蜗壳最小水头为57.2 m,调压井最低水位为1 076.3 m;水轮机上游引水系统中最小水头均大于15 m,调压井最低水位高于隧洞顶7 m以上,不会将空气带入隧洞和压力钢管中.(3)水轮机导叶关闭及开启情况下,机组飞逸转速、管道水压、调压井水位波动均满足设计规范要求.In order to ensure the safe operation of hydropower station,it is necessary to carry out calculation and analysis of the hydraulic transition process of hydropower station.The characteristic line method was used to establish a hydraulic transient model,analyzing the hydraulic transition process of the water pressure in pressurized water diversion system,the water level of the surge shaft,the opening of the guide vanes,and the unit speed.The results show that:①Under the condition of simultaneous load shedding of three units,the max runaway speed increase rate of the unit is 0.40,and the max water pressure increase rate of the volute is 0.28.The maximum runaway speed of the unit occurs at the dead water level of the reservoir,with the maximum water head of the volute being 99.5 m,and the highest water level of the surge shaft being 1116.3 m,which occurs at the check flood level of the reservoir.②Under the condition of three units simultaneously increasing from no-load to full load,the reduction rate of water pressure in the volute is more than-0.19,the minimum water head of the volute is 57.2 m,and the minimum water level in the surge shaft is 1076.3 m.The minimum water head in the upstream water diversion system of the hydraulic turbine is greater than 15 m,and the minimum water level in the surge shaft is more than 7 m above the top of the tunnel,which will not bring air into the tunnel and pressure steel pipe.③When the guide vanes of the hydraulic turbine are closed and opened,the runaway speed of the unit,pipeline water pressure,and surge shaft water level fluctuation all meet the design specification requirements.

关 键 词：水电站 特征线法 瞬变模型 水力过渡 调压井 

分 类 号：TV732.5[水利工程—水利水电工程]