中国锂矿床主要类型特征、分布情况及开发利用现状  

Main types,distribution,development and utilization of lithium deposits in China

作　　者：刘雪 王春连[2] 刘学龙[1] 刘殿鹤 颜开 刘思晗 刘延亭 LIU Xue;WANG Chunlian;LIU Xuelong;LIU Dianhe;YAN Kai;LIU Sihan;LIU Yanting(Faculty of Land Resource Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,Yunnan,China;MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources and Exploration Technology,Ministry of Education,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,Hubei,China;School of Earth Sciences,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室,北京100037 [3]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871 [4]长江大学油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室,湖北武汉430100 [5]东华理工大学地球科学学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《中国地质》2024年第3期811-832,共22页Geology in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U20A2092,42002106,41907262,41502089);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(KK2005);成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室开放基金(ZS2207);中国地质调查局项目(DD20230056,DD20190606,DD20221684,DD20230291)联合资助。

摘　　要：【研究目的】随着科技的进步,近几年来,市场上对绿色能源和矿产资源的需求日益激增,锂作为一种核心战略关键金属矿产,相关勘探与研究已成为矿产勘查和地质研究的热点。【研究方法】本文基于前人研究,按照统计分析原则,对国内锂资源主要类型、分布情况与开发利用现状进行梳理和总结。【研究结果】中国锂矿床类型主要分为硬岩型、卤水型及黏土型。资源分布比较集中,其中硬岩型锂矿主要分布在四川、江西、湖南、新疆等地区,卤水型锂矿主要分布在青海、西藏和湖北等地区。目前,硬岩型锂矿中的花岗伟晶岩型锂矿因其矿石品位高,开采技术较成熟而成为国内锂资源供给的重要来源;卤水型锂矿资源量大,但生产周期长;黏土型锂矿发现较晚,研究时间短,尚未实现规模化利用,但已有锂资源的分布格局和现实需求。【结论】从总体上看,中国锂矿资源存在供需关系失衡、资源进口依存度高的问题,目前国内外新能源汽车工业、移动能源存储技术以及国家绿色能源产业发展迅速,对锂矿资源的需求在未来长期内增长势头明显,要想在锂矿这种全球稀缺战略性资源上取得话语权,就有必要对中国现有的锂矿资源进行重新评估,摸清资源家底,加大对新型锂矿资源的调查研究与勘探开发研究力度。This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.[Objective]With the development of science and technology,the market demand for green energy mineral resources has been increasing in recent years,and lithium as a core strategic metal resource,related exploration and research has become a hot spot for mineral exploration and geological research.[Methods]Based on previous research,this paper compares and summarizes the main types,distribution and development and utilization of lithium resources in China according to the principle of statistical analysis.[Results]Lithium ores in China are mainly classified into hard rock type,brine type and clay type lithium ores.The distribution of lithium resources is relatively concentrated,among which hard rock-type lithium ore is mainly distributed in Sichuan,Jiangxi,Hunan,Xinjiang and other regions,and the salt lake brine-type lithium ore is distributed in Qinghai,Tibet and Hubei and other regions.At present,granite pegmatite lithium ore is an important source of domestic lithium supply because of its high ore grade and easy mining.Brine-type lithium ore has large resources,but the lithium extraction technology is relatively complex;clay-type lithium ore was discovered late and has not been exploited on a large scale,but there is a distribution pattern and realistic demand for lithium resources.[Conclusions]On the whole,there is an imbalance between supply and demand of lithium resources in China and a high dependence on resource imports.At present,the new energy automobile industry,mobile energy storage technology and the national green energy industry are developing rapidly at home and abroad,and the demand for lithium resources will grow significantly in the long term.In order to gain a say in this global scarce strategic resource,it is necessary to re-evaluate the existing lithium resources in China,map out the resource base,and increase the research and exploration and development of new lithium resources.

关 键 词：锂矿床 卤水型 黏土型 开发潜力 矿产勘查工程 

分 类 号：P618.71[天文地球—矿床学]