规制仇恨言论的国际法规则与实践  

International Legal Rules and Practices of Regulating Hate Speech

作　　者：孙世彦[1,2,3] 姜居正 Sun Shiyan;Jiang Juzheng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院国际法研究所 [2]中国社会科学院人权研究中心 [3]中国社会科学院大学法学院

出　　处：《人权研究》2024年第2期1-26,共26页Chinese Journal of Human Rights

摘　　要：许多国家都存在仇恨言论这一丑恶现象。尽管对于仇恨言论的概念并不存在普遍接受的定义,但国际社会一直高度重视对仇恨言论的规制,提供了若干规则,形成了相应实践。规制仇恨言论的国际法依据可分为四类,即限制表达自由的规则、禁止滥用权利的规则、禁止仇恨言论的规则和规定仇恨言论为国际罪行的规则。普遍性和区域性人权机构以及国际刑事司法机构适用这些规则,在规制仇恨言论方面形成了丰富的案例,且规则适用的重点均落脚于如何平衡对表达自由的保障和对仇恨言论的规制。规制仇恨言论的国内法律规则和实践与国际法律规则和实践相互影响,研究国际相关法律规则和实践对于理解各国相关法律规则和实践、形成规制仇恨言论的国际共识和标准具有重要意义。Hate speech has been prevalent and long-lasting in many countries.Where there is no universally accepted definition of the concept of hate speech,the international community has been greatly concerned with the regulation of hate speech,provided a number of rules and generated relevant practice.International legal rules to regulate hate speech can be divided into four categories:the rules restricting freedom of expression,the rules prohibiting abuse of rights,the rules prohibiting hate speech and the rules designating certain forms of hate speech as international crimes.Universal and regional human rights institutions and international criminal justice institutions have applied such rules and engendered a rich jurisprudence in relation to regulating hate speech,with the ultimate focus on how to strike a balance between the protection of freedom of expression and the regulation of hate speech.For the regulation of hate speech,domestic legal rules and practices have interacted with international legal rules and practices.Therefore,studying relevant international legal rules and practices is of great significance to the understanding of related legal rules and practices of various countries and the development of international consensus and standards regarding the regulation of hate speech.

关 键 词：仇恨言论 表达自由 公民及政治权利国际公约 消除种族歧视公约 欧洲人权公约 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]