工商业与人权视角下数字企业人权政策的实证研究  

An Empirical Study of Human Rights Policies of Digital Enterprises from a Business and Human Rights Perspective

作　　者：唐颖侠[1] 高明 Tang Yingxia;Gao Ming

机构地区：[1]南开大学人权研究中心(国家人权教育与培训基地) [2]南开大学法学院

出　　处：《人权研究》2024年第2期27-45,共19页Chinese Journal of Human Rights

基　　金：2019年国家社会科学基金一般项目“人权法视角下国家适应气候变化的治理策略研究”(项目号:19BFX207)。

摘　　要：数字企业作为数字技术的开发者和海量数据的收集者、使用者,其运作容易带来隐私泄露、信息控制和算法歧视等人权风险。为推动数字企业落实尊重人权的责任,有必要对全球数字经济100强企业的人权政策展开分析。根据《工商企业与人权:实施联合国“保护、尊重和补救”框架指导原则》,是否承诺尊重国际人权标准、是否具备解决标准冲突规则、是否包含完整的人权尽职调查流程、是否设置完善的人权补救机制、是否明确适用范围和是否得到最高管理层的参与是检验人权政策是否完善的基本要件。通过考察发现,100强数字企业的人权政策在内容和形式上仍有待完善,主要体现为解决人权标准冲突规则的缺乏和适用范围的模糊。此外,数字企业人权政策在内容上呈现出关注产品未来的人权风险以及突出对隐私权和言论自由的保护及相关限制的特点。国家工商业与人权立法、国家政策的制定以及非政府组织运动在不同程度上影响着企业人权政策的制定,而拥有良好的人权政策还将有助于企业建立完善的报告及政策体系、提升企业效益并开展有效的人权补救行动。As developers of digital technologies and collectors of massive data,digital enterprises are prone to human rights risks such as privacy leakage,information control,algorithmic discrimination,etc.In order to promote digital enterprises to respect human rights,analysing human rights policies of the top 100 enterprises in the global digital economy is necessary and urgent.According to the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights,whether a company is committed to respecting international human rights standards,has rules for resolving confl icts of standards,includes a complete human rights due diligence process,has well-established human rights remediation mechanisms,clarifi es the scope of application of its human rights policy,and receives the support from top managers are the basic elements for testing the soundness of human rights policies.It is found that human rights policies of the 100 digital enterprises are still in need of improvement in terms of content and form,which is mainly manifested in the lack of confl ict resolving rules on human rights standards and the ambiguous scope of application.In addition,human rights policies of digital enterprises in terms of content present two main characteristics:focusing on the future human rights risks of their products,and highlighting the protection of the right to privacy and freedom of expression and related limitations.National business and human rights legislation,policy-making and NGO campaigns infl uence the development of human rights policies to varying degrees,and having a good human rights policy will also help digital enterprises establish good reporting and policy systems,promote business effi ciency and carry out eff ective human rights remedial action.

关 键 词：数字企业 人权政策 工商业与人权 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]